New Zealand :: essays research papers fc

NEW ZEALANDThe country that I am doing for my report is tonic Zealand. New Zealand is made up of two Islands. The north and the south islands. It is located in the south pacific by Australia. The first people to settle New Zealand came over from east Polynesia by canoe during the 10th century. These people were called the Maori. According to a Maori legend, a man may have arrived in New Zealand during about 950 ad, but this can non be proven. The Maori people lived on the Island on native fruits and vegetables and animals, and they also brought over plants and livestock from Polynesia. The Maori were usually peaceful, but sometimes had wars over the best land. They lived in earth-made structures equal to the adobes of Mexico. The first European to sight New Zealand was Abel Tasman in 1642. The Maori people kept him from landing on the Islands. They attacked his ship by canoes and killed four of his sailors. He never returned to New Zealand. In 1769, an English explorer, Captain Ja mes Cook, was sent to New Zealand on a scientific investigation. He mapped all of the north and south Islands and made reports on trade and colonizing. These reports were good and attracted many people to New Zealand, including the French, Italian, and American explorers. By the 18th century, there were 180,000 Maori people on the north and south islands of New Zealand. During 1840, the accord of Waitangi was signed between the British and the Maori people. It gave the British a right to colonize the Islands and trade with the Maori people. In 1907, the Islands were declared a dominion of Great Britain. In 1935, It was declared an independent country and was named New Zealand. The present day government and standard of living in New Zealand is very much like that of the U.S. At whiz time the yearly income of New Zealanders was yet better than the U.S. and Great Britain. The people of New Zealand have freedom of religion. The main religion in New Zealand is Christianity, even tho ugh there are Jehovahs Witnesses, Muslims, Amish, and many more. The Maori religion is also a major religion. The people of New Zealand have a mix between Britain and Australian accents. The main exports of New Zealand are wool and dairy products. There are over 100,000 sheep in New Zealand.

Mending the Transatlantic Rift Essay -- Essays Papers

Mending the Transatlantic RiftThe terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 ushered in an era of dramatic change for outside policy and the international system. Most obviously, the United States sense of invulnerability eroded as an acute awareness to the perils of terrorism gripped the American public. In American outside policy, the dominant paradigms evolved. Whereas the Cold War notion of the centrality of powerful nation-states had helped order the Bush administrations outlook before the attacks, the new paradigms explicitly accounted for the importance of non-state actors and imp regimes as the salient elements of American foreign policy. In emphasizing rogue states, President George W. Bush focused on regime change in Iraq and at last decided to invade Iraq despite the opposition of important allies and the lack of authorization from the United Nations Security Council. The war in Iraq, along with an array of diplomatic and policy differences between the United States and its European allies, ultimately produced notable divisions in the transatlantic relationship. An analysis of the events and conceptual divergences that contributed to this rift renders a portrait of U.S.-European relations in which real rather than cosmetic differences separate the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Nonetheless, enduring commonalities and the realities of the present geopolitical situation leave hope for improvements in the relationship. In the end, improve the transatlantic rift will require the United States to exhibit a genuine commitment to diplomacy with Europe and engagement with the worlds closely pressing issues.THE RELATIONSHIPHistorically, the relationship between the United States and its European allie... ...ember/October 2002.Kagan, Robert. Americas Crisis of Legitimacy, Foreign Affairs, March/April 2004.Mandelbaum, Michael. The Inadequacy of American Power, Foreign Affairs, September/October 2002.The content Security Strategy of the United States of America, September 2002. http//www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.html Nye, Jr., Joseph S. U.S. Power and Strategy After Iraq, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2003.OHehir, Andrew. Welcome to the New Cold War, Salon.com, November 15, 2004.Pond, Elizabeth. European box and Awe, Washington Quarterly, Summer 2003.Project for the New American CenturyWorld Press Review. We Are All Americans, November 2001. http//www.worldpress.org/1101we_are_all_americans.htm

Essay on Dreams and Escape in The Glass Menagerie -- Glass Menagerie e

Dreams and Escape in The crosspatch Menagerie The dream of escape is the focal point in the play, The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams. Although each character wants to escape from a different reality, they all feel the need to get away. The father is the most successful in his escape - he leaves the family and doesnt look back. Laura, Amanda, Tom, and Jim, are not as fortunate, they seem to be stuck throughout the play. Jim seems to be the only one with a real line up at breaking away from his reality. Tom seems to breaks free, but we discover that his escape attempt fails because he cant forget Laura. Throughout the play, each person escapes their reality in some way and is somewhat successful at it. Whether through dreams or actually walking away, everyone manages to break free. Tom is, by far, the biggest dreamer. Tom dreams of leaving the ...over displace urban centers of lower middle-class population (Williams 1267). Tom envies his father who actually had the guts t o walk out. Tom expresses this when he tells Amanda, ...Mother, Id be where the father is (Williams 1277). Tom wants to leave so desperately that he ...paid his Merchant Marine dues this month, instead of the light bill (Williams 1295). Tom would rather think of himself and let his mother and sister sit in the dark, alone, than gravel responsibility for his family. Tom says he is ...tired of the movies (Williams 1294) meaning that he is ready for his own adventures. He ...retires to a cabinet of the washroom to work on poems when business is slack in the warehouse (Williams 1289) By doing this, Tom is looking for yet another escape from the reality of working at a job he hates. Tom as well as loathes his mother in some... ...en have a chance are the people least connected with the Wingfield family. Just like the glass unicorn, this family is transparent, pitiful and broken. They never trace in anything except dreaming for a better reality that will never come. Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold. Introduction. Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House, 1987. 1-8. King, Thomas L. Irony and Distance in The Glass Menagerie. In Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House, 1987. 85-94. Levy, Eric P. Through Soundproof Glass The Prison of Self Consciousness in The Glass Menagerie. Modern Drama, 36. December 1993. 529-537. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. In Literature An Introduction to exercise and Writing, 4th ed. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall, 1995. 1519-1568.

The Gods in Homers The Iliad and The Odyssey Essay -- Homer The Ilia

The Gods in Homers The Iliad and The OdysseyThe stories told in the Iliad and Odyssey are based on stories handed down over several generations, for they hold open (as we have seen) memories of an al subscribey quiet furthest distant past. The two pomes show clear connection in their language and style, in the manner in which their incidents presented, and in the combination of agreement with level, which distinguish their creation. The work was written by one author but gave two diverse views on the nature of the Olympian Gods, their kindred to humankind, and the general lot of mortals throughout their all too brief lives. For the reason that of these differences, both novels end up sending, different messages about life in general. In the Iliad, the supernatural denizens of Olympus are representing as false, power-hungry, and above all unreliable beings that are always at each others throats. Factionalism abounds, and neither the bonds of marriage, nor the ties of relationship c an contain supporting it under control. A great example is when Ares betrays his mother, Hera, and his sister, Athene, by aiding the Trojans instead of the Greeks. When he is revealed, Athena strikes him down in battle through Diomedes. In the Odyssey, however, the Gods of Olympus display far more unity and civility toward each other. They argue and disagree, but their disagreements are never carried out to the extremes found in the Iliad. When Poseidon punishes Odysseys for blinding the Cyclopes, Athena does not suck in revenge. Even though Odysseys is her favorite human, she respects Poseidons right to punish him. In addition, the betrayal among the Gods that is so prevalent in the Iliad, is nowhere to be found in the Odyssey. In Iliad, Hera, enters int... ... be so short. If you are clever enough, strong enough, and careful enough, you can overcome just about anything the Gods or other men externalize at you. BibliographyBloom, Harold, Homers Odyssey Edited and with an Introd uction (NY, Chelsea House 1988)Fitzgerald, Robert, tr., The Iliad of Homer, USA Penguin Books, 1991. Copyright 1995. Griffin, Jasper, Homer on Life and Death, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1980. A clear and easy to read exploration of the poem and its worldview. Griffin, Jasper, Homer The Odyssey Cambridge UP 1987.Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A Commentary on Homers Odyssey. 3 Vols. (Oxford 1988) PA4167.H4813).Lattimore, Richmond, tr., The Iliad of Homer, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1951.Thalmann, William G., The Odyssey an epic of return. (NY, Twayne Publishers 1992) PA4167.T45.

Direct Marketing and Avon Beauty Products Essay -- GCSE Business Marke

Direct marketing The definition of DM is very complicated but it is simply selling a product or service via broadcast advertising sent through the mail, and also via several Internet promotion methods. The direct selling method enables the consumers to bypass inefficient wholesale and retail statistical distribution systems. Women who left business in order to have children is able to do part time business, and also a very attractive career for muliebrity reentering the work force. According to the Direct selling Assosiation, 1,230,000 women engaged in direct selling in 19924. The direct marketing allows building and maintaining a direct, one-to-one method relationship between a company and its customer, and users of its products or services. In the Avon case the Avon girls represent the company and creates a very good bond, connecting the seller and buyer in concert in a very trustful relationship. It is very easy for the seller to persuade the buyer into buying a product, becaus e of the usually relationship that exists between the ii parts. In cases where no relationship exists, the vendor can also be able to talk the potential shopper into buying Avon products. Reason for their tremendous success is high-quality, order oriented products, good relations with the distributors, fulfillment of dreams, and financial freedom. DM produces a measurable response. Its methods make it easy for the consumers to identify themselves when committing an action that was desired by marketer....

Direct Marketing and Avon Beauty Products Essay -- GCSE Business Marke

Direct marketing The definition of DM is very complicated save it is simply merchandising a product or service via rail advertising sent through the mail, and also via several Internet promotion methods. The direct selling method en suitables the consumers to bypass inefficient wholesale and retail distribution systems. Women who left business in order to have children is able to do spark off time business, and also a very attractive career for woman reentering the work force. According to the Direct selling Assosiation, 1,230,000 women engaged in direct selling in 19924. The direct marketing allows building and maintaining a direct, one-to-one method relationship between a company and its customer, and users of its products or services. In the Avon case the Avon girls make for the company and creates a very good bond, connecting the seller and buyer together in a very trustful relationship. It is very easy for the seller to shake the buyer into buying a product, because of the usually relationship that exists between the two parts. In cases where no relationship exists, the vendor can also be able to talk the potential shopper into buying Avon products. Reason for their tremendous success is high-quality, value oriented products, good relations with the distributors, fulfillment of dreams, and financial freedom. DM produces a mensural response. Its methods make it easy for the consumers to identify themselves when committing an action that was desired by marketer....

Marketing Mix Apple Essay

In the economy, the marketing has an important position which decides almost the victory of the company or the brand. Most of well-known brands in the world withal have a good marketing plan apple is the best workout for having excellent marketing strategies. In this essay, the marketing mix strategy of Apple will be discussed to understand how Apple makes their high value in more(prenominal) details.The first thing to take account into marketing mix strategy is the product. As already known, Apple is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Cupertino, atomic number 20 that designs, develops, and sell consumer electronics, computer sofw are, and personal computers. Apple provides the customer a wide range of product that c all overs many field of technology. For instance, the most special invention of Apple is Apple Macintosh, they have many kinds of Mac with many different size and options of configuration. Moreover, IPod was known as the first mp3 player of the world. It is not only the mp3 player precisely also the symbol of music fashion.Until now, IPod still affects gradually to market of mp3 players. In addition, in the last five years, Apple has created new-brand market for smartphone with their special product IPHONE. From IPhone 2G, 3G, 3Gs, 4G, 4Gs to 5G, IPhone constantly make a outsize wave to the technology world. That proves products of Apple always have strong range to the technological market. What is more, another invention of Apple that also makes a new move of technology is IPAD. It leads for a new century of tablet. Now IPad may be known as the best tablet in many customers s mind. Beside that, Apple gives their customer many other products such as iTunes, accessories, and service.Second, harm also is important part of marketing mix strategy. The price of all products of Apple is now low compared to their competitors products price but there is a reason for this issue. Apple is the exchange premium brand that does no t compete on price. They may dominate the market even though their price may be quite high in some countries. Generally, Apple is proud that their products is union between technology and liberal arts so they not just sell products, they sell art. IPhone, Ipad, and IPod also are symbol of fashion. In conclusion, the price of Apples product is made for their customers value.The next is place. Apples headquater is located at unlimited Loop, Curpetino, California. They have over 200 retails around the world. Major cities have at least three big stores, more important, the customer not only bribe products but only can test them, receive supported imformation, and they may not buy products if they do not want. This is the key of success of Apple to accomplish their customer.Finally, promotion create difference of Apples marketing mix strategy. Apple just use launching new product to promote their products with their capital ability of presentation of Apple CEO Steve Jobs. Moreover, Apple does not join CES exhibition or any advertising. In addition, Apple made a big unchangeable symbol in customer, therefore, the customer always compare their product to their competitorss prodcuts. It is indirect to promote for Apple. Beside that, the online Apple store offers free ship for the orders over $50, iTunes gift card, and special discount for refunished products.In conclusion, marketing mix strategy creates the brand of Apple. There is a wide range of product such as Iphone, Ipad, Ipod, and Mac with suiable price for their prenium brand. They have big network of great retail and unique promotion.Referencewww.wikipedia.comwww.marketingteacher.com

The Iceman

This 1936 motion-picture show entitled The Iceman done by Jacob Lawrence was completed sometime during the Harlem Renaissance. The picture is a typical portrait of and an sightly reflection of daily life in 1930s Harlem, New York. It can easily represent any urban city during this time period. The artist uses the word-painting to show the connection, or lack thereof, between the neighborhoods residents, as they seem to go about their daily routines without the social interaction that allied passel during propagation of struggle.Lawrence employs symbolism and imagery to show how the neighborhood lacked connection. On first glance of the painting, three residents are noticed, all in their own apartments, creation change ice by the iceman standing on the street, and his helper. As the apartments are all in such close proximity of one another, one would suppose that the residents would be interacting with each other. But at a closer glance, it is seen that they are all minding t heir own business. This is strange for the era. It is well known that during the 1930s, segregation and racism were at their worst.In the north, tensions were high between the black and white classes due to the increased number of African-Americans migrating to larger cities. In the minds of the whites, the blacks were taking over. In most shifts, when tragic or intense situations like this occur, it is typical for people to ban together and tread through the problems as a whole community except in this case. Whether or not these people were real Harlem residents, it is quite unlikely that this separation of community would have really happened.Community is defined as an interacting population of various kinds of individuals in a common location, with interacting being the keyword. The characters made up in this painting include the iceman and his helper with the pushcart, a window washer, a woman mayhap ironing or cooking, a man trying to hold onto his dog, and a darkened figure in an alley. Though these people appear to be financially on the poorer side, they still go about their lives separately, and with the ease of daily routine. It would be expected that at least two of these characters would be interacting with each other, for the sake of survival.Surprisingly, though, no(prenominal) of the residents are looking at each other, and they seem not to even notice the person living next to them. It is possible that Lawrence used this imagery aft(prenominal) witnessing a lack of connection inside a community such as this one. He might have wanted to influence Harlem residents to unify during these times of segregation. Jacob Lawrence used subtle symbolism to convey the neighborhoods physical lack of connection. It is not immediately seen, but if one were to be inside the painting at the scene, there would be tangible evidence of the lack of connection the fire ladder.It doesnt seem to have any initial importance, other than being a source of escape, but in taking a closer look, it can easily be a symbol of disconnect within the community. more or less fire escape ladders are constructed so that when they are necessary to be used, they can be pushed downward and the ladder will reach all the modal value to the ground. In this painting, the ladder does not reach the ground, making it more difficult for its users to escape. The ladder not connecting to the ground can be paralleled with the residents not connecting with one another.Tragedy has turn out time and time again to be a unifier of worlds when people seem to be at their most distant, especially for African-Americans in the 1930s, except in the case of The Iceman, in which the community remained separated, even though their lives overlapped. Jacob Lawrence seemed to want to bring about a wave of pride in his people by painting this and using artistic elements to influence his audience. He put forth the use of subtle symbolism and imagery to reveal a lack of connection within this Harlem neighborhood.

To what extent can motivation be used as a leadership tool?

AbstractNumerous investigations adjudge linked organisational advantage to effective draws. The fact that leaders provide guidance as well as monitoring and evaluation of the stave in an organization they provide a link between the organizations objectives and the ineluctably of the staff. healthy leadership should fit both the organization and the staff argon satisfied with the terminus of the processes and operations of the organization. This paper analysed the importance of using want and a leadership gibe and its application in the armament.Motivation is an important candidate of effective leadership since it not alone guarantees performance in spite of appearance an organization tho akinwise ensures sustained effectiveness of the staff. The analysis of this factor as a leadership tool was conducted based on literature review of various sources that examine organizational motivating processes and practices that be applic open in military environment. The ma in theories of need identified to influence leadership with respect to military environment were humanistic supposition of Motivation, Incentive theory, Drive theory, and Cognitive dissonance theory.Social incentives have been identified in the paper to play an important role in leadership advantage of a military generate-up. This is mainly due to the fact that they develop the essential motivation that contrives the workers highly fruitful. Gener eachy, social recognition, collaboration, talent retentivity and productivity and reinforcing the corporate glossiness are the social incentives that washbasin be use to motivate military officers. More so, friendship at the workplace should be upheld as it fosters nurture among the workers and it besides makes it easy to identify small problems at the work place.The paper concludes by asserting that in the case of military training together in iodin country, the use of the stated motivation tools are rim to enhance the levels of leadership expertness. As such, motivation should only be extended to social recognition, collaboration, talent retention and productivity and reinforcing the corporate stopping point.IntroductionLeadership is not a captivating personality that results due to ability to charm and talk nicely. Neither is leadership defined by the ability to influence and make friends. These are empty qualities of leadership that tin be viewed as flattery. Leadership is devising an person change his/her good deal to hire levels, raising an individuals performance, and building a unique personality that inspires the followers (Foti, 2007) this are very essential elements of effective leadership in military units. All these aspects of leadership revolve around motivation of the followers. Motivation is highly individualised and complex and can be achieved physically, psychologically, instinctively, and or sotimes unconsciously (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002). In many presidential terms, mo tivation is an important factor that take ins performance and innovations. It is customaryalityly agreed that once an individual is cause he/she becomes productive because work becomes passion. Therefore, motivation is the intrinsic desire that drives an individual to give his/her best at work. The level of relatedness of leadership and motivation among the followers places motivational tools at a central position in achieving good leadership.The approach to leadership in the military is a complex amalgamation of directive, coaching and delegating leadership directions, where discipline is the universal rule (Horn & Walker, 2008). It is common knowledge that whenever an fix has been given out, it is a must(prenominal) for the junior officer in that ranking to act immediately. The fact that discipline requires motivation in order to maintain it at highest standards the military leadership are required to develop approaches that can ensure the officers are highly motivated. Thi s paper intents to analyse the concept of motivation as a leadership tool and its application by the military to enhance leadership.Theories of MotivationMotivation is an important aspect in organizational leadership in that is apply in ensuring the staff are mission driven (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002). Approaches used to realise motivation vary from one organisation to anformer(a) depending on the nature and rules of the job. There are four common theories of motivation that have been used by many research studies into the issues revolving around staff and employee motivation. These include Humanistic Theory of Motivation, Incentive theory, Drive theory, and Cognitive dissonance theory (Deci, Koestner, & Ryan, 1999).Humanistic Theory of MotivationThis theory is rooted on the fact that most human beings are wise and anything done by anybody is driven by reason (Hoffmann, 2007). This type of motivation is realise either by a push and pull model or self control (Eccles & Wigfield, 20 02). Push and pull is used to create external motivation while the self control is emotional intelligences that give an individual the testament to perform a task without being reenforcemented. This theory is well illustrated by the famous Maslows Hierarchy of needs which has divided motivation into various levels with many reasons that promote the performance of the affected meets (Hoffmann, 2007). In a military environment, the soldiers can be motivated by providing the staff a reason to why they should be motivated to conduct the stated task.Incentive TheoryThis theory proposes that motivation and behaviour are influenced by beliefs or engagements that are profitable to the individual (Guay et al., 2010). This theory is based on reward clay is the major focus of motivation because it is generally believed that by attaching a reward to an action, there is a likely chance that the same action will be repeated (Guay et al., 2010). However, since it is coined from the value of a reward, the time taken to give the reward is an important driver of the motivation. Additionally, continuous rewarding is a atom smasher for a pro pertinacioused behaviour towards achieving the target. Conversely, the incentive theory focuses on the reinforcement principle as the fundamental mover of motivation because it determines the behaviour in the future. For example, if an individual is rewarded for an action, maintaining the same behaviour requires a pledge of another reward. This way, the promise is a despotic reinforcement of the action. Contrastingly, if there is no clear plan for the next reward that person would not maintain the same behaviour because of negative reinforcement.Drive TheoryA drive is an individual aspect that causes a behavioural change such that the individual is confident(p) of attaining the objective (Eccles, & Wigfield, 2002). The desire, which acts as the drive for attaining the goal can either be external or internal within the person. For inst ance, during starvation a person is compelled by the force of being hungry to seek food. The drive will only be relaxed after the individual has accessed food and he or she is no seven-day hungry. Another good illustration of the drive is the desire for sex, which is a biological push that is found in all animals because it is a hormonal controlled system in the body. Depending on the hormonal level in the animal, the drive would either be surfeit or low. This shows that the drive theory proposes that intrinsic factors are the major forces that make motivation possible. Therefore, the drive theory is rooted in the escapism and seeking models because it is what develops the drive in a person (Guay, et al., 2010). This theory can be analysed from a military point where the main drive is search for peace where an individual is motivated not to stop functioning at his/her best until peace is realised (Horn & Walker, 2008).Cognitive Dissonance TheoryThis theory proposes that cognitive dissonance results after an individual becomes uncomfortable based on the opinion of wad around him and what he /she believes in (Eccles, & Wigfield, 2002). For example, when a consumer buys an item, it is common knowledge that the item provides him/her the craved satisfaction. However, if the consumer prefers another item for the same purpose shows that the value of that item is not consistent with the view of the consumer. Consequently, this theory highlights that people are forced to become motivated in the hope to reducing dissonance. This can be achieved by changing their attitudes, beliefs, mitigating, blaming, rejecting or actions in fear of cladding the inconsistencies resulting from mental strain (Guay, et al., 2010).Intrinsic and Extrinsic MotivationBased on the analysis of the above theories, motivation can either be internal or external depending on how and where it is applied. Intrinsic motivation is a determination to perform in an individual that is driven by pers onal interest or pastime of the role given. It forms an important element of cognitive, societal and physical development of a person in the organisation (Deci, Koestner, & Ryan, 1999). In this regard, intrinsic motivation does not believe on external factors or reward for it to be nurtured in an individual. This is a very important form of motivation in the military since it gives them a spirit of purpose even when the situation they are facing is life threatening (Horn & Walker, 2008).On the other hand, external motivation also known as foreign motivation is a passenger vehicleial tool whereby a certain activity is performed with an aim to realise a desirable outcome. Thus, it is a dependant of the external factors that would drive the desire to become a will through giving reward or other forms of incentives (Eccles, & Wigfield, 2002). Competition is considered a major ingredient in ontogeny extrinsic motivation among a group of people. Competition in the military can be c ultivated through development of reward system which can be in monetary form or grade (Eccles, & Wigfield, 2002). The disadvantage of embracing this form of motivation is that it may lead to over justification, which has a lay waste to effect to the overall intrinsic motivation level created in an individual (Deci, Koestner, & Ryan, 1999). Furthermore, external motivation in the military can be created through threats. This is common during military training where, only those who display the ability to train hard and pass all the hurdles graduate to become soldiers. For the case of those who are reluctant, they are punished by being dropped from the graduating lot. As a result, all the recruits strive to attain the requirements to qualify for graduation.Leadership and Management in the militaryLeadership is a social ability that a person uses to influence others in a community or an organisation (Bonnie, 2008). Through the social ability, the person is able to gain ground the supp ort of the majority. When an individual assumes the leadership of a group or an organisation, he becomes responsible for attaining a desired goal. There are some(prenominal) forms of leadership that does not depend on the formal education of a person. However, leadership can also be natural or acquired. The major role of a leader as in the case of the military is to give directions on certain matters affecting a group so as to avoid conflict among its members (Bonnie, 2008).The only similarity between a animal trainer and a leader is that they are both tasked with ensuring the success of an organisation (Udge, 2002). The manager is responsible for administration while a leader creates ideas. Therefore, a manager can be made, but a leadership is natural. Managers are supposed to implement all the structures while a leader is more concerned with its constituents. Managers are more concerned with systems while to a leader the constituents are given the first priority. A new economy m anager is tasked with nurturing the skills of workers and motivating the workers to produce results, but a leader is ensures that there is efficiency (Udge, 2002). From this analysis, it is evident that military organizations operate with leaders and not managers due to the uniqueness of the military work environment (Horn & Walker, 2008).Furthermore, the balances between a manager and a leader can be reconciled through defining the roles of each person (Foti, 2007). The difference between a manager and a leader has made many people think of leadership as the ability to deliver results. When a manager is able to handle his workers properly, then the result is a good performance of the organisation. Also, a leaders success is measured on how he/she is able to change the well- being of his constituents. Therefore, both leadership and management is measured in terms of success.Qualities of an effective leader in a military organisationA learning organisation is a setup that promotes a continuous state of acquiring knowledge and skills within an organisation (Shannon, 2002). The learning process can be both estimable and disastrous depending on the learning program itself. However, in other cases an individual can learn, but fail to disseminate this information to others in the organisation. As such, the fanny to which learning can be promoted depends on the leadership skills and capabilities. Learning is a process that involves the transfer of information, and it greatly depends on whoever is mandated with disseminating the information (Foti, 2007). The first effective timbre of a military leader is to have good communication skills. A good communicator will enable learning because the information will be relayed to the desired audience properly.Another quality of an effective military leader is the ability to embrace teamwork (Foti, 2007). The team spirit is the determining factor for the success of learning because through teamwork it is possible to consid er both the strength and weakness of an individual military officer. More so, a good military leader should be able to endure change in the organisation to facilitate the process. In addition, other important qualities of an effective military leader include knowledge about organising meetings, interest, a positive attitude, commitment, the ability to maintain confidentiality, the ability to adapt and function in times of uncertainty, the ability to plan and set goals effectively, honesty, a high character, enthusiasm, patience, and logic (Cromwell, 2004).Leadership strategies and Organizational LearningLeadership strategies are an important tool in organisational learning because it ensures the direction adopt by an organization will ensure in full realization of the organizations objectives. army heads need to develop effective leadership strategies that will form a framework to realising positive outcomes during the learning process. The most important leadership strategies in promoting staff motivation are organisational shade and leadership style (Cromwell, 2004).Organisational stopping point is a supposition that exists between staff and leaders in a military organisation that help to attain positive organizational performance (Shannon, 2002). It is a leadership strategy because it outlines the responsibility of an officer in the military institution. For instance, if the organisational culture is networked with high sociableness and high solidarity, then it will facilitate teamwork this gives the organisational learning a positive outcome because the information will be shared amongst the members (Shannon, 2002). On the other hand, if the culture is fragmented with low solidarity, then it encourages individualism hence it can lead to negative outcomes because there is no sharing of information (Shannon, 2002). Therefore, the leadership style adopted by the management determines the effectiveness of a military organization. A style that is all in clusive is likely to lead to a positive performance outcome because it allows brainstorming and sharing of information. However, segregated leadership style is likely to result to negative performance outcomes in an organization because the followers do not interact with the leaders limiting the level of motivation in the organization.Qualities a leader exhibits that may hinder the learning process in a military organizationThe success of the learning process depends on the qualities of the military leader in that the qualities may promote or hinder the learning process (Horn & Walker, 2008). There are several qualities of a leader that may hinder learning, including poor communication skills, negative attitude, lack of interest, failure to maintain confidentiality, dishonesty and an impatient leader (Cromwell, 2004). It is worth identifying the implications of these qualities for a leader in the process of cultivating a learning environment in an organization.Poor communication ma y result in a situation whereby the leader cannot disseminate the correct information effectively. As such, either the information is misrepresented or misunderstood. Having a negative attitude towards something makes an individual to become less attached to the learning process (Cromwell, 2004). A good leader should be fully committed to the activities involved in learning at all costs to ensure that all information is disseminated properly to the intended persons as it is a major tool that promotes motivation among military personnel. The organisation information requires a lot of confidentiality. For example, some members of a military unit may find it hard to learn in a team especially on professional issues. This information should be treated as confidential by the leader so as not to expose such persons.The role of ethical motive in the decision-making process in military organizationsEthics is personal attribute that helps an individual to effectively execute his responsibili ties in a unified way (Shannon, 2002). Decision making is an inevitable aspect of leadership that ensures the smooth running of processes within a military organization. A poor decision making process leads to unwanted results that may have detrimental effects to the organisation (Cromwell, 2004). Therefore, ethics play a role in critical thinking to ensure that decisions made effective and ethically acceptable in the organization. Since ethics is an individual belief, it determines the way an individual would respond to a certain situation because it gives the basis through which the thought will be propagated.According to Shannon (2002), moral philosophy can be summed up in three approaches materialism, utilitarianism, and deontology (p. 271). Therefore, the decision making capability of an individual depends on the moral approach. In decision making, an individuals personal ethics can deter making substantive decisions even where there are options available. For instance, somet imes leaders are forced to a make decision whose impacts greatly satisfy their self-interest. Take the example of a politician who promises to implement safety rules in the passenger service vehicles. As much as this is a decision that would affect the entire population positively, ethical issues may arise if the politician makes it mandatory to buy safety belts from a undertake keep company for his/her own vested interests.Effects of using a systems perspective in decisions makingDecisions in a military organisation can be both constructive and destructive. Therefore, the decision making process should be bound by organisational and leadership systems that limit the extent to which the decision can be altered with regard to the organizational objectives, vision and culture (Shannon, 2002). When a decision is not made on a system perceptive, it is likely to lead to conflicts within the organisation. For instance, members of a military organisation are bound by the culture and obj ectives of the organisation that are specific to that organisation (Horn & Walker, 2008). Most military organizations have an elucidate mechanism for decision making that ensure that all the interests of the stakeholders are considered in the decision.More so, organizational decision making mechanism serves as a control measure that ensures the decisions made by the leadership do not promote self interests, but the objectives of the organisation in general (Cromwell, 2004). Conflicts will always develop in cases where decisions are made without abiding to the organizations systems perspective. This is a major demotivating factor in military settings (Horn & Walker, 2008). This occurs mainly when a leader makes a decision that is based on his self interest. For example, tendering is a vital exercise within a military organisation that is affected by decision making. Individuals holding power in such an organisation have the ability to influence the tendering process in their favou r. In such a case, the tender may be awarded to a bidder who does not meet the required qualifications specified in the systems perspective. This would lead to a situation where the work done is shoddy, or the organisation pays more for low quality services.Employment Relationship and its application in the military settingThe term calling-relationship is transposable with others when describing aspects of the general relationship between the leaders and the staff in an organization.According to Kaufman (2004), this relationship basically describes the exchange of work by employees for pay from employers. The role of a well defined and productive utilization relationship is to equitably lead the various employer worker relationships in an organisation and disband conflicts within the organisation (Kaufman, 2004). As such, several employees have developed a psychological contract with their employers. Breaching the developed psychological contract has negative implication to the calling because loyalty, motivation and commitment of the workers is greatly reduced (Hodgkinson, 2003).The goal of most military organizations is to developing an effective production mechanism to promote the output level. This is achieved if there is an elaborate employment relationship within such an organisation. Most successful organizations have a well established Human Resource Management department which is in charge of the employment relationship. This department has been obliged with the responsibility of monitoring the employment relationship and both internal and external factors that affect it.According to Gospel and Palmer (1993), employment relationship is an economic, social and political association in which employees provide labour for an accepted reward by the employer. Thus, a successful employment relationship must be formulated using a psychological contract that is developed in the mutual agreement between the employer and the employee. On the other hand, Lew is and his colleagues (2003) define employment relationship as an economic, legal, social, psychological and political relationship where employees dedicate their time and expertise experience to the best interest of the employer in exchange of a alter range of rewards in terms of personal financial and non-financial gains. Therefore, the application of effective employee relationship management in the military context as a motivational tool requires in-depth analysis of the employee to ensure hi/she is highly motivated.Social incentives and motivation in the militaryThe workplace blessedness is one of the major factors that contribute largely to the success of a leader. Every leader has a unique role to play in order to ensure that all the staff is happy at the workplace so that they can become productive. David (2012) found out that workers productivity is significantly higher when an employee is attached to friends who are more able. Perks, monetary rewards and social incentiv es have been widely used as approaches of enhancing workplace happiness and hence staff motivation (David, 2012). However, the perks and monetary rewards have an insignificant effect in promoting motivation in the current organizational environment (Deci et al., 1999). According to the Harvard business review, perks and monetary rewards do not promote happiness, but instead they promote a culture of entitlement (David, 2012). However, monetary terms can be used for those workers under the piece rate terms as a social incentive. This results to a complex situation when analysing leadership approaches that are founded on followers motivation.Social recognition is a leadership tool where positive relationship is maintained at the workplace through acknowledging and rewarding employees achievements (David, 2012). This is an important tool because it enables employees to celebrate their success thus improving their work experience. There is a social pressure created among the employees w hen he or she is given credit of an outstanding work. Additionally, other workers are also forced to compete for the social recognition thus promoting productivity. The idea of social recognition sets to bring about the intrinsic motivation aspect that makes the worker productive. Moreover, it helps the workers build a corporate culture and advance personal legacy (Robison, 2006). Once the culture is developed at the workplace, then it becomes a long term solution to promoting happiness. As a result, social recognition is a powerful leadership tool in promoting the happiness that can be used as a motivational tool in the military. This can be achieved through fostering collaboration, increasing talent retention and productivity and reinforcing the corporate culture of the military organisation (Rath & Clifton, 2004).Collaboration at the workplace is a sure way of motivating the workers because it satisfies the social recognition of that particular worker. This can be achieved throug h allowing praise and recognition to become public at the workplace so that those who are praised feel appreciated (Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998). Perks and monetary enumerations do not promote happiness because they do not promote the intrinsic factors that spur contentment. A worker would only work to get into the next job group to get the enumeration, but this does not mean he or she is contented. Collaboration rewards the best out of a pool of workers thus making the individual blissful because it creates friendship within the departments. On the other hand, collaboration can be used to facilitate the distribution of workers ability that has a positive effect to the firms blend performance. Thus, the use social incentives by the management promotes sustained productivity as opposed to monetary motivational packages which have limits.Furthermore, staff motivation can be realized through increasing talent retention and productivity (Robison, 2006). Different employees have different capabilities, and those with the best abilities should be retained as much as possible. This is because such employees work hard for the company to realise its goals. The productivity level of such workers becomes better when they are offered an opportunity to enhance their ability and realise their full potential. Additionally, talent retention saves the organization extra cost of recruiting and training new employees. Moreover, the morale of workers is maintained at high levels in an institution where workers with good talents are retained for a longer period (Rath & Clifton, 2004). This is because such workers feel recognised and happy about their role at the workplace. Tapping into the talent and ability of an individual is a motivational aspect that makes the employee work more to obtain innovations. In this way, the employee sets to gain in developing the career and monetary incentives where talent has led to important innovations.Additionally, motivation can be realised thro ugh reinforcing the military operational culture because it gives the workers an opportunity to share the success story within the organisation (Horn & Walker, 2008). Success is not automatically inclined to organizational infrastructure, but the extent of the human capital. This is evaluated in terms of how comfortable and content the staff is as they are more productive when contented with the work and the environment. Therefore, leaders have the responsibility of motivating the workers, and this can be achieved through establishing peer-peer programs that develop a shared culture (Robison, 2006). A immobile culture will give the workers an opportunity to become more productive in their duties. More so, culture develops a network that is capable of attracting competent employees crossways the board to improve the performance and effectiveness of an organization in general (Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998).Leadership Style and staff Motivation in the militaryLeadership style is signifi cant to determine the level of motivation to the staff in the military. This is because during the entire life of a person, his or her dreams keep on changing depending on the needs and the environment (Shannon, 2002). Therefore, the leadership style under which an individual works is a clear catalyst of motivation because it provides the social incentive as well as environmental settings that define the ambitions of the followers. Further, it has been realised that command-and-control leadership reduces ambition while worker responsibility increases ambition. As such, the leadership style should focus on developing ambition because it is a major motivating factor for specified job requirements (Udge, 2002) such as the military job. For instance, a military leadership style that is based on minimal supervision enables the staff to be motivated to trust their decisions. In this case, the workers have decision making responsibilities which make the whole team to be motivated to work . Consequently, where the leadership style offers both limited supervision and worker responsibility in decision making, the leader should consider goal, reward and recognition as motivation (Lewis et al., 2003). On the contrast, where the leadership style is highly supervised and command-and- control, there should be peer, authority, threat or fear motivation. Here, the motivation will be to be like others, adherence to policy and resist change. This means that there is high status quo dependency, and obviously the leadership style focuses on resisting change. As such, there is low efficiency as compared to the other forms of leadership.ConclusionMotivation is a central aspect of effective military leadership since it not only guarantees performance within a military organization but also ensures sustained effectiveness of the staff (Horn & Walker, 2008). Social incentives play an important role in leadership success in an organisation. It develops the intrinsic motivation that ma kes the military officers highly productive. Where monetary incentives are used, maintaining motivation among the staff becomes hard since they work towards increasing their income. Social recognition, collaboration, talent retention and productivity and reinforcing the shared culture are the social incentives that can be used to motivate military personnel. However, friendship at the workplace should be upheld as it fosters learning among the officers and it also makes it easy to identify small problems at the work place. Therefore, in the case of military training together in one country, there is a need for leadership efficiency. As such, motivation should only be extended to social recognition, collaboration, talent retention and productivity and reinforcing the shared culture. ReferencesBonnie, G., 2008. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in world History. Oxford, UK Oxford University Press.Cromwell, S., 2004. An examination of work-environment support factors affecting transf er of supervisory skills training to the workplace. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(4), 449-71.David, B., 2012. Social recognition or perks Which is a better incentive in the workplaceHarvard Business Review.Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M., 1999. A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 627668.Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A., 2002. Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 109132.Foti, R.J., 2007. Pattern and variable approaches in leadership emergence and effectiveness. journal of Applied Psychology, 9(2), 347-355.Gospel, H. & Palmer, G., 1993. British industrial relations. London, UK Mansell Publishing Limited.Guay, F., Chanal, J., Ratelle, C. F., Marsh, H. W., Larose, S., & Boivin, M., 2010. Intrinsic, identified, and controlled types of motivation for school subjects in young elementary school children. British ledger of Education al Psychology, 80(4), 711735.Hoffmann, S., 2007. Classical Motivation Theories Similarities and Differences between them. Munchen GRIN VerlagHodgkinson, A., 2003. Gender, part-time employment and employee participation in Australian workplaces. Employee Relations 24 (2), 129150.Horn, B. & Walker, W. R. (2008).The Military Leadership Handbook. Hamilton, ON DundurnKaufman, B. E., 2004. Theoretical Perspectives on Work and the Employment Relationship, Industrial Relations Research Association.Lewis, P., Thornhill, A. & Saunders, M., 2003. Understanding employment relations. New York, NY Financial Times Prentice Hall.Nahapiet, J. & Ghoshal, S., 1998. Social capital, cerebral capital, and the Organisational advantage. Academy of Management Review, Retrieved May 23, 2011 from http//www.hkbu.edu.hk/vwschow/lectures/ism3620/rp01.pdfRath, T. & Clifton, D.O., 2004. The power of praise and recognition. Gallup Management Journal, Retrieved May 23, 2011 from http//gmj.gallup.com/content/12157/ power-praise-recognition.aspx.Robison, J., 2006. In praise of praising your employees. Gallup Management Journal, Retrieved May 23, 2011 from http//gmj.gallup.com/content/25369/Praise-Praising-Your-Employees.aspxShannon, B., 2002. elite group Executives in Issues Management The Role of Ethical Paradigms in Decision Making. Journal of Public Affairs 2(4) 270-283.Udge, T.A., 2002. Personality and leadership A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 8(7), 765-780.

Commemorative Speech

Today, Im going to tell you why Im gallant to share the accounting of the association football Ball and the love of the attractive game. Ill. Most of you are familiar with the proud heritage that the game of soccer has grown to be not only in our country, and virtually the world. V. Today, I am going to commemorate the Soccer Ball and the love for the beautiful game of Soccer. I want to share with all of you about our proud history and heritage, and discuss personally what working and living(a) with you guys has meant to me these past three years. Transition First, I would like to share with you the amazing history of the game of Soccer. ) Body l. through and through out history, humans hurl enjoyed boot a ball or something like a ball. A. According to historical references and legends, early balls ranged from human heads, animal or human skulls, to animal bladders. B. It wasnt until 1855, when Charles Goodyear designed and build the first rubber soccer ball. C. Since then, every four years a new ball is designed particularly for the knowledge domain form. II. B.Due to their specialized training, the work force of second Ranger face pack were chosen to conduct operations on June 6, 1944 during the Invasion of Normandy. ll. The Invasion of Normandy is arguably one of the more or less famous and greatest feats the men f 2nd Ranger Battalion gained notoriety for. A. During the Invasion of Normandy, the 2nd Ranger Battalion was split in twain and sent on two diametric missions. Ill. One of these groups was send to Omaha B from each one. attempt to complete the mission their country asked of them. B.They nervusd reasoned gun fire, mortar attacks, and heavy casualties as they ran up the beach to tone down the German bunkers. IV. The other(a) group of men were tasked with scaling the cliffs of Point Du Hoc to destroy 1 55 mm guns. A. These men scaled cliffs using grappling hooks and rope ladders plot gunfire and hand grenades rained over them. B. Once these men reached the top of the cliffs, they held their position for two years against heavy German counter attacks while only a third of them were left standing at the end still able to fght. V.Both of these instances give self-esteem to the brass. A. These men stared death in the face and fought against it for the greater good. B. Despite being heavily overwhelmed with the odds stacked against them, these Rangers used their training, ingenuity, and courage to complete the mission. (Transition When I debate about the history I have Just discussed and look at all of you tanding here, I see the same type of man in breast of me that I have Just expound to you. ) l. Since I can remember, I have watched a soccer ball being kicked around.A. Every Sunday, I would disturb up and soccer would be on TV. I would sit by my dad and watch the games with him. B. There were measure when we would go and kick the ball around instead of watching it on TV. C. This was our beginner daug hter time and I loved it. D. level(p) now, being far from my father, we still bond through soccer whether it be talking about games or when I come home and visit go watch a game. E. It is a ymbolic figure and representation to the go around nations in the world 1. No other sporting event has the same impact as the World Cup.Entire countries grind to a halt to watch games. 2. Even those who arent fans can and should appreciate that the World Cup is far more than a mere competition. During the next year, hundreds of millions of people will celebrate a shared mania and, because of it, perhaps fret a bitty less over the things that drive them apart. That is a beautiful and all-too-rare thing. Even if we dont speak each others languages, dont always appreciate and espect each others cultures, religions, politics and lifestyle choices, Goal is a word that resonates Joyfully and is understood from Beijing to Bogota, Sydney to Seattle. No other sport speaks to so many. The games cross-b order, cross-culture, cross- division universality is what makes the World Cup so special, a solemnization not of 22 players on a pitch but of all who watch them. F. In the end, all I can say is that you all stand up my deepest and most sincere admiration. (Transition I feel pride not only because I am part of an organization with such an enduring and proud history, but because of the men standing in front of me right Conclusion 1 .The World Cup is an event change with personal stories, national pride, and heart pull moments, and next year in Brazil will be no different. Although these have been the hardest and most miserable times of my life, I wouldnt change it for anything. A. To be be part of such a proud organization, and to have spent this time with you guys is irreplaceable. B. It has been an honor and a privilege to shell out in 2nd Ranger Battalion and to have served next to the finest and bravest people I have ever met in my life. C. Thank you for the memories. II. Ra ngers Lead The Waycommemorative SpeechToday, Im going to tell you why Im proud to share the history of the Soccer Ball and the love of the beautiful game. Ill. Most of you are familiar with the proud heritage that the game of soccer has grown to be not only in our country, but around the world. V. Today, I am going to commemorate the Soccer Ball and the love for the beautiful game of Soccer. I want to share with all of you about our proud history and heritage, and discuss personally what working and living with you guys has meant to me these past three years. Transition First, I would like to share with you the amazing history of the game of Soccer. ) Body l. Through out history, humans have enjoyed kicking a ball or something like a ball. A. According to historical references and legends, early balls ranged from human heads, animal or human skulls, to animal bladders. B. It wasnt until 1855, when Charles Goodyear designed and built the first rubber soccer ball. C. Since then, every four years a new ball is designed specially for the World Cup. II. B.Due to their specialized training, the men of 2nd Ranger Battalion were chosen to conduct operations on June 6, 1944 during the Invasion of Normandy. ll. The Invasion of Normandy is arguably one of the most famous and greatest feats the men f 2nd Ranger Battalion gained notoriety for. A. During the Invasion of Normandy, the 2nd Ranger Battalion was split in two and sent on two different missions. Ill. One of these groups was send to Omaha Beach. attempt to complete the mission their country asked of them. B.They faced heavy gun fire, mortar attacks, and heavy casualties as they ran up the beach to subdue the German bunkers. IV. The other group of men were tasked with scaling the cliffs of Point Du Hoc to destroy 1 55 mm guns. A. These men scaled cliffs using grappling hooks and rope ladders while gunfire and hand grenades rained over them. B. Once these men reached the top of the cliffs, they held their position f or two days against heavy German counter attacks while only a third of them were left standing at the end still able to fght. V.Both of these instances give pride to the organization. A. These men stared death in the face and fought against it for the greater good. B. Despite being heavily overwhelmed with the odds stacked against them, these Rangers used their training, ingenuity, and courage to complete the mission. (Transition When I think about the history I have Just discussed and look at all of you tanding here, I see the same type of man in front of me that I have Just described to you. ) l. Since I can remember, I have watched a soccer ball being kicked around.A. Every Sunday, I would wake up and soccer would be on TV. I would sit by my dad and watch the games with him. B. There were times when we would go and kick the ball around instead of watching it on TV. C. This was our father daughter time and I loved it. D. Even now, being far from my father, we still bond through so ccer whether it be talking about games or when I come home and visit go watch a game. E. It is a ymbolic figure and representation to the best nations in the world 1. No other sporting event has the same impact as the World Cup.Entire countries grind to a halt to watch games. 2. Even those who arent fans can and should appreciate that the World Cup is far more than a mere competition. During the next year, hundreds of millions of people will celebrate a shared passion and, because of it, perhaps fret a little less over the things that drive them apart. That is a beautiful and all-too-rare thing. Even if we dont speak each others languages, dont always appreciate and espect each others cultures, religions, politics and lifestyle choices, Goal is a word that resonates Joyfully and is understood from Beijing to Bogota, Sydney to Seattle. No other sport speaks to so many. The games cross-border, cross-culture, cross- division universality is what makes the World Cup so special, a celebr ation not of 22 players on a pitch but of all who watch them. F. In the end, all I can say is that you all hold my deepest and most sincere admiration. (Transition I feel pride not only because I am part of an organization with such an enduring and proud history, but because of the men standing in front of me right Conclusion 1 .The World Cup is an event filled with personal stories, national pride, and heart wrenching moments, and next year in Brazil will be no different. Although these have been the hardest and most miserable times of my life, I wouldnt change it for anything. A. To be be part of such a proud organization, and to have spent this time with you guys is irreplaceable. B. It has been an honor and a privilege to serve in 2nd Ranger Battalion and to have served next to the finest and bravest people I have ever met in my life. C. Thank you for the memories. II. Rangers Lead The Way