Philosophy - Buddhism Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy - Buddhism Philosophy - Essay Example Siddhartha Gautama was born in Lumbini near Nepalese Indian border, Kapilavastu. He was the son of King of Sakya tribe. Siddhartha was trained like a warrior as well as he was also coached to possess spiritual knowledge. He was married at the age of sixteen and was happily living with his beautiful wife of thirteen years until one day he left for an excursion. On his way, he encountered four different sights that guided him to an ultimate truth of life. He met an old man, a sick man, a corpse and a monk. Siddhartha saw that people have little control over their lives and with this he left his life as a prince and indulged in self mortification to find the truth. While sitting under a tree, he experienced the Great Enlightenment, a way to escape from suffering. With his teachings, Buddha travelled a lot teaching his doctrine and attracting followers. (Harvey, 1990) Buddha’s initial teachings are about four noble truths. First noble truth is about life and its suffering. Human n ature is imperfect co-existing in an equally imperfect world. Life is full of sorrows and torments, but sprinkled with some happy moments as well. Nothing is permanent in this world not even pain and suffering. Second truth is the reason of first noble truth. It is our attachment to the transient things of the world i.e., our ideas and perceptions of surroundings, our craving and clinging for the best that becomes the basis of our suffering. Detachment from such ideas and dispassion is the only way to end this suffering, which is the third noble truth. Fourth is gradual path of self-improvement. It is detailed as the eighth fold path. The eighth fold is the basis of Buddhist teachings and includes morality, meditation and wisdom (Naht, 1999). Right Knowledge, thinking, speech, conduct, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration lead a person to realization that selfishness and greed cause sufferings. Buddhism uncovers the material basis of our relationship to this world and our always unsatisfied expectations. Due to impermanence we are always at a miserable or dejected end of our lives just because we expect a lot from something that is constantly changing and shifting its priorities. In any case we cannot solidify our relationship to this world that is so unpredictable and so unfaithful at times. For example, if we are studying business and hope to build a specific carrier, but when we come into practical life we experience that our knowledge is just not enough to compete with other colleagues in the same field. The priorities have shifted from theoretical knowledge to practical internships and training programs that you lack. In this way, you strived for a goal, but still could not reach it due to its impermanence and you will continue struggling until the end of your life and still may lack something or the other. Samsara is another fundamental concept of Buddhism, which means journeying the cycle of birth, death and rebirth. According to Buddha pe ople don’t possess individual souls, individuality is just an illusion. Rebirth is the concept in Hinduism and Buddhism, an ongoing cycle of birth. A person’s feelings, doings, impressions, karma are passed on to his next life and not his physical self, making him similar to his previous life. Nirvana is also considered as an opposite of Samsara. It is not an actual heaven, but a condition of being in heaven, if only in the state of mind. It is achieved by eliminating

Tourism Issue Research Exercise and Essay Essay Example for Free

Tourism Issue Research Exercise and Essay Essay 1.0Introduction 1.1 Introduction to essay Tourism has increasingly grown as the economy develops well and the level of living style of human being improves, especially in China. (Jordon Ken, 2001)The dramatically growth of tourism has brought several benefits such as enhancing local economic development and the reduction of unemployment rate. (Philip D. Brian R., 1995) However, it is still questionable that whether it is absolutely profitable if the number of tourists continue to rise. The objectives of this essay are to emphasize the negative impacts of tourism to a Chinese destination. This essay is going to cover how the boosting tourism is affecting the quality of water and air in China. 1.2 Introduction to articlelu This article is discussing about the sudden influx of tourists throughout China during China’s National Day golden week and the negative environmental impacts that it caused. 2.0 Main arguments discussion 2.1 The general fact of tourism Over time, there is a significant growth in tourism all over the world. With reference to appendix A, it is significantly shown that the number of international tourist arrivals doubled from 435 millions to 940 millions from 1990 to 2010. Distinctively in the South Asia region, the numbers rose from 3.2 millions to 11.1 millions in the span of ten years, this relatively attracts a higher number of tourists among the strongest growing areas in 2010. As reported in UNWTO Tourism Highlight (2011), the position of china in tourism indicators moves up in both arrivals and receipts, reaching to the third position and the forth place out of the top ten, respectively. 2.2 The factors involving an increase in tourism It is evident that nowadays, more and more people prefer to choose China as their holiday destination, showing an obvious demand for tourism. It is  notable that there was a 20.8% growth of foreign tourists’ (about 85.4 million tourists) arrivals after the Beijing Olympics and Shanghai Expo. (China Daily, 2009) However, there are several crucial reasons that push people to go out to an unfamiliar place and pull them to China, listed below are the push and pull factors respectively. 2.2.1 Push factors There are several factors involved in influencing the increment of tourism, such as economic expansion, social changes, demographic aspects and technological developments. (Weaver, D. B., Oppermann, M. 2000) Being rich and affluent allows most people to be able to achieve a better sense of purchase power. The availability of greater discretionary household income gains various choices rather than just spending on basic living requirement;( Agarwal and Yochum,1999) Moreover, nowadays people tend to travel overseas during their vacation, in order to escape their busy work schedules. Households have also become smaller, so family members can spend less in bringing up children, thus having more money for leisure activities. In addition, the advancement in technology makes it easier for travelers to reach their destination. To sum up, all these factors boost the demand of tourism. (Weaver, D. B., Oppermann, M. 2000) 2.2.2 Pull factors Referring to Appendix B, Asian tourists make up the majority of China’s tourism market due to their geographical advantage. For example, Japan is the biggest tourist-source market for China as both countries are situated near from each other. It is also cheaper for the Japanese to travel to China as it is relatively cheaper than to other countries. Besides, the 5000-year history of China is always attracting tourists all over the world. In addition, the complement of airline systems and expansion of high speed train are more comfortable, continence and efficient. The quality of service has also grown together with the influx of tourists. (Jeffrey, 2008) 3.0 The negative impacts of tourism to environment However, it is questionable whether it is absolutely good if the number of tourist constantly grow yearly. According to this article, it was a common  phenomenon that china was overly congested with people during the Chinese National Day. 20,000 tourists could not find a hotel to settle down in Pu Tuo mountain (a famous mountain in china); During the same period of time, San Ya beach was described to be a dump because 50 tons rubbish was abandoned along the coast, while vehicles were held up on the expressway, which looked like they were parking in car parks. (Lei, 2012) These events are apparently showing a sign that when the sheer number of tourists is overload for a destination, it will lead to a decline in both socio-cultural and natural environment. However, only natural environment will be discussed about thought focusing on two main pollutions that exit during the rapid development of tourism. They are water pollution and air pollution, respectively. 3.1 Water pollution With the boosting tourism, more water resources are developed to attract travelers. Those people who enjoy the natural attractions of beauty and peacefulness like to boat along the waterways and enjoy the scenery.(Jeffrey, 2008) Thus, an increase of water transports like motorboats, will in turn cause oil emissions which would pollute the water ways.( Jeffrey, 2008 ) Moreover, the rubbish dump by travelers is harmful to the quality of water. Furthermore, hotels resorts built along waterways or coastlines will produce a big amount of sewage as well. These series of events would be obviously harmful to local water system during the holiday and would certainly cost a loss in the economy. For example, a number of 360 million yuan(US $43 million) was invested to clean up the Lijiang River by government. (People’s Daily, 2000) 3.2 Air pollution Nowadays, with advanced technology, majority of people prefer to take air transport to their preferred destinations. Refer to Appendix C, half of the total (51%) tourists chose to travel by air in 2010, while the road transport rank at the second popular choice of all mode of transports. All vehicle transport create exhaust fumes. (Simpson et al., 2008) Air pollution caused by tourist transportation has spread to the whole human being living environment, especially from carbon dioxide production because of the usage  of transportation energy. (Majbritt, 2010) In fact, the air in China, especially in the city area, is suffering from heavy pollution. (Gregory C. Chow, 2008) Amongst 20 worst-air-cities around the world, 16 of them belongs to China. (Jeffrey, 2008) 4.0 Conclusion In conclusion, the negative impacts of tourism to Chinese environment such as water pollution and air pollution have been explained above. These are the consequences that booming tourism has to pay. Thus, it is worth noting that the substantial tourism is calling peremptorily. Increasing tourism does bring a lot of profit for economy, but it is a double-edged sword. If left uncontrolled, tourism can cause both social and environmental problems as seen from China’s case. However, although I believe that the Tourism industry in china reaps more positivity on the whole, although there is no concrete panacea to this issue. Methodology This research essay required gathering relevant facts and information from a vast variety of sources, including book literatures, journals, news articles, specified review and online sources, in order to deliver complete understanding of the main topic – Negative impact of tourism to China’s destination. This research paper focused on gathering crucial data from the most valid and credible sources as reliability and credibility were key concerns. The usage of online journals and articles which were accessible on University Of Newcastle Blackboard were definitely useful in gathering information such as essential Annals of Tourism Research and Studies. In addition to this, Google Scholar played an imperative role in providing relevant information on the topics of Tourism in China as well as statistics on relevant areas. Key words like inbound tourism of china, water pollution were used on Google search engine to obtain further detail figures such as the number of tourism to China in 2010. Other than the methods listed above, the Chinese government reports and UNWTO annual reports were also used to describe and further elaborate changing tourism trend and statistics. The main keyword descriptors used to complete the research include: negative impacts of tourism in China, water pollution and air pollution information Reference: Air Pollution in China. (n.d.). FACTS AND DETAILS. Retrieved April 2, 2013, from factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=392catid=10subcatid=66 China Daily. (2009) Tourism in beijing boosts after the olympic games. (2009, 7 29). Cultural China. Retrieved from http://news.cultural-china.com/20090729140321.html Gregory C. Chow (2008): China’s Energy and Environmental Problems and Policies, Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics Jeffrey, H. (2008). Facts and details. Retrieved from http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=392catid=10subcatid=66 Jeffrey, H. (2008). Water pollution in china. Retrieved from http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=391 Jordon, S., Ken, W. (2001). Causality between trade and tourism: empirical evidence from china. (1st ed., pp. 279-283). Lei, B, (2012). Crowd throughout the great wall during chinas national day. Chong Qin Wan Bao (2012, 10 8). . Retrieved from (http://tour.rednet.cn/c/2012/10/08/2770150.htm) Majbritt, T. (2010). Tourism, transport and environmental pollution. Retrieved from http://www.viewsontourism.info/2010/tourism-transport-and-environmental-pollution/ Philip D. , A., Brian R., P. (1995). An applied general equilibrium analysis of the economic effects of tourism in a quite small, quite open economy. (Vol. 27, pp. 985-994). Simpson, M. C., Gà ¶ssling, S., Scott, D., Hall, C. M. and Gladin, E. 2008. Climate change adaptation and mitigation in the tourism sector: Frameworks, tools and practices, Paris: UNEP, University of Oxford, UNWTO, WMO. Tourism, Transport and Environmental pollution – Views On Tourism. (n.d.).Views On Tourism Knowledge and inspiration to the Bangladeshi tourism sector.. Retrieved February 4, 2013, from http://www.viewsontourism.info/2010/tourism-transport-and-environmental-pollution/ UNWTO. (2011). Travel Biz Monitor: UNWTO Tourism Highlights: 2011 Edition (Part -II). Travel Biz Monitor: India travel news, travel trends, tourism. Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://www.travelbizmonitor.com/unwto-tourism-highlights2011-edition-part-ii-14272 V.B. Agarwal, G.R. Yochum(1999): Tourist spending and race of visitors, Journal of Travel Research, (pp. 173–176) Weaver, D. B., Oppermann, M. (2000). Tourism management. Brisbane: John Wiley Sons Australia.(pp. 5-68) Wheeler, D., Dasgupta, S. and Wang, H. 2003. â€Å"Chapter 12: Can China Grow and Safeguard Its Environment? The Case of Industrial Pollution†. In How Far Across the River? Chinese Policy Reform at the Millennium, Edited by: Hope, N., Yang, D. T. and Li, M. Y. Stanford: Stanford University Press

Richard II: His Dramatic Downfall Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespe

Shakespeare’s plays were grouped into three categories: comedies, tragedies and histories. The histories were those plays based on the lives of English kings. Shakespeare was one of the first writers to write about English history. According to Garber, â€Å"before Shakespeare’s time there were few history plays such written in England--- England history was told in verse and prose chronicles (239)†. It’s considered that Richard II is one of the early â€Å"historical plays†. The play became so iconic that even Queen Elizabeth said that she was â€Å"Richard the second, know ye not that†. Richard II tells the story about a king’s downfall. Richard II is not your average king. He is useless with his power and does not know how to use it. He is the king of England when the play begins but shortly after his kingship is taken away from him. Richard II is a young man who has not matured much since his adolescence. He is disconnected from his land and its people, which becomes one of the downfalls of his crown. He has an extraordinary flair for poetic language. He is witty and poetic personality doesn’t work with his higher calling in life. A king should be strong and fearless. King Richard II is not a man of action and as the play advances, he gets into more and more trouble. As his end approaches, he becomes very poetic. Like most Shakespearean heroes, Richard II has a strong theatrical personality. He likes putting on a show and enjoys a bit of wordplay, even at his own expense. What sets him apart from other Shakespearean characters is the perverse joy he takes in his downfall. There are many tragic events that lead to Richard’s downfall and consequently lost of his crown. The most important one was that he basically didn’t ... ...n moral and royal principles. By the end of this play, it’s clear that Richard has completely questioned the concept of divine right and when he has to shed his crown and turn over England to his enemy, he dramatically states â€Å"Throw away respect, Tradition, form, and ceremonious duty; For you have but mistook me all this while. I live with bread like you, feel want, Taste grief, need friends. (3.3.172-76). Just because Richard as a divine right to be the King doesn’t mean that he is the right choice to accomplished the requirement of what it takes to be a great king. Richard was lacking on the will power of a leader. His downfall was his fault in the sense that he couldn’t concentrate to see what he was doing to his region as a ruler. He failed as a leader but at the same time he gain sometime much better than a crown, Richard gain the understanding of who he is.

Hewlett Packard – Review

Hewlett Packard was founded in 1939, and has continually thrived from year to year, growing to over 50 operations worldwide presently. Around 1990 things began to change. They ran into issues they had to contend with, such as the need to find the best way to satisfy customer needs in terms of product availability. They also needed to get agreement among the various parties in the supply chain. Their inventory management plans were synchronized. In the U.S. and Western Europe the market for printers was becoming mature, although it was still developing in Eastern Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, they needed to assess which particular printer market they wanted to target, so as to maximize profits and value to shareholders. Currently, the market consisted of 40% impact/dot matrix, 40% laser printers, and 20% inkjet printers. With dot matrix printers starting to become outdated and expected market share to drop 10% within the next few years, laser and inkjet printers would be the best alternative for HP to focus on. The key issue that Hewlett Packard will have to deal with, however, will be identifying the level of safety stock needed at their distribution centers and finding the lowest cost way to supply this amount. Problem Recognition: There is an assortment of problems that have contributed to Hewlett Packard's inventory/service crisis. One of these problems was a result of the considerable lead time in shipping out to Europe and Asia. Having a lead time of 4 to 5 weeks makes it extremely arduous for companies whom have a JIT system put into place. When you wish to have inventory levels of 0, but have long lead times, problems are bound to occur. Another issue arising is HP's system of inventory assessment. Currently they are devising a new system of safety stock analysis, because their old system was based on heuristics, and was not fully effective for the company. Due to the increasing difficulty of obtaining accurate forecasts, HP's safety stock analysis will probably have to be revisited. It is their choice of inventory carrying costs to be used in the safety stock analysis which is the one issue that continuously comes up. Some estimates start at 12% which comes from their cost of debt plus some warehousing expenses, whereas others are at 60%, which is based on the ROI expected of new product developments. Management must be able to determine that percentage that more accurately reflects the true cost of holding inventory. Demand uncertainties, while more controlled then past years, could have also exacerbated to the inventory/service crisis. There were three areas of concern to be addressed in this sector. The first dealt with delivery of incoming materials; whether the parts/products shipped come on time, and if the actual order was filled correctly with the right parts. Internal process uncertainties, such as process yields and machine downtimes, were another issue HP had to look over carefully. Finally, the final end demand varied too much for forecasting to be accurate enough. This issue complicates the choice of safety stock levels since they are ultimately based on expected demand. This creates what is known as the bull-whip effect. Essentially the bull-whip increases variability at various levels of the SC making efforts to integrate efforts difficult. There are four key aspects of the bull-whip effect that HP must take into consideration: demand forecast updating, order batching, price fluctuations, and rationing and shortage gaming. These are the four major causes of bull-whip that must first be understood, so that we can counteract the effect. The waterway distribution system could also be a potential problem for the company. Our analysis determines maximum air freight that is acceptable under different inventory holding cost assumptions. As aforementioned, there are quite a few issues which could have caused an inventory/service crisis within Hewlett Packard. Some issues, like the safety stock analysis problem are more likely to cause the crisis; however, it is most likely that a combination of all these factors contributed to the overall problem. Each issue must be examined so that some of the potential problems can be filtered out, and the real issue can be known and figured out according to HP's policies and objectives. Alternative courses of action: There are three courses of action that could be implemented in an attempt to rectify the problem with satisfying demand for printers in the global economy with minimal inventory and stock out costs. The first alternative is the base case scenario. This scenario consists of HP's normal distribution strategy, which consists of one main manufacturing plant in Vancouver who assembles everything on the printers and localizes it according to its destination. The means for distribution is by sea. The second alternative is an air freight scenario which will utilize the airline industry in HP's shipments to Europe. This approach reduces lead time from 4.5 weeks in the base case scenario to 1 week. All of the manufacturing and processing still occurs in the Vancouver plant. The third alternative is a generic European model to be assembled-to-order in the European DC. This approach will produce a generic product in the Vancouver facility and then ship the unfinished product to the European DC's where the final assembling and localizing will occur. We have three basic assumptions. First, lead time for the base case scenario will be 4.5 weeks. Second, air freight will create a lead time of 1 week; this includes actual transportation, customs clearing time, and other miscellaneous events. Third, the majority of the holding cost will be in generic European option. The calculations for all types of printers in the European market are located in Appendices 2-4. To evaluate these three approaches, we consider holding cost for the safety stock. When comparing these costs between the three approaches for both the best case scenario of 12% inventory holding costs we get $442,300, $626,254, and $847,412, for air freight scenario, generic European model to be assembled-to-order, and base case scenario respectively. The costs for the worst case scenario of 60% inventory holding costs are $2,211,500, $3,131,272, and $4,237,062, for air freight scenario, generic European model to be assembled-to-order, and base case scenario respectively. Necessary Supply Chain Changes: The primary change that should be made in the supply chain management in order to implement the generic product option would be to move the finalization of the product to its respective distribution center. Due to the long shipping times involved, the factory should engineer and manufacture a base assembly at the Vancouver facility and ship them to the distribution centers abroad. At these distribution centers an inventory of localizing and finishing parts will exist; therefore, the base product can then be localized and finished at the respective distribution center according to demand patterns at that time. Since inventory is generic, one DC can ship the generic product to another DC which can be finalized and localized quickly to satisfy the current demand to hedge the risk of stock outs in the higher demand regions. The result is that the total safety stock required at the DC is reduced by a factor of n1/2, where n is the number of different SKU's for which the customization is being postponed. Marketing and sales figures can then be created more accurately, and seasonal trends can be compensated for more easily. This would aid in the forecasting of demand to determine how to allocate the scarce resources to maximize profitability. Having the flexibility to better meet the changing demand of different markets should cut down on lost revenue due to stock outs. Also, the required safety stock for the distribution center will be reduced, which should cut back on inventory and holding costs. Even though these costs do not show up on the income statement, these are real costs and need to be addressed and minimized. Recommendations and Evaluations and Conclusion: There are a variety of different options that Hewlett Packard could use to help smooth out their supply chain. The first is air shipment. While it may provide a faster route to move the products, the big problem with air freight is that is expensive to use. Looking at appendix 5, if air freight costs per unit are less than $2.04 (assuming inventory holding cost of 12%) then the air freight is preferable to sea. The air freight costs per unit are less than $10.19 (assuming inventory holding cost of 60%) then the air freight is preferable to sea. The next option would be to have a European factory actually producing parts and products. This would reduce the extensive lead times that are associated with shipping out of Vancouver. The other side to this situation is that with a new manufacturing factory in Europe, the concern would be that there is not sufficient volume to necessitate the need for an additional plant. Of course, Hewlett-Packard could also always use a better forecasting method to determine demands and safety stocks needed. Obviously it has become a present problem for the company, and while they are attempting to create a method to forecast better, they are not sure they can come up with a truly effective method that would erase the uncertainties associated with demand. Because this is a difficulty, our cost allocation assumes that demand is such that the safety stock level is constant over the year. Safety stock represents the inventory level above and beyond expected demand, so assuming a constant safety stock seems reasonable. On the flip side of a better forecasting method, you could also simply increase levels of inventory to ensure product demand is met. However, this is more of a nearsighted approach as this will just lead to increased holding costs and overall inventory costs. Hewlett-Packard could also introduce a system of more localized distribution centers. The cost savings associated with this are hard to determine though. While you may reduce inventory and holding costs, the expenses incurred to have localized distribution centers built and maintained could very well outweigh the benefits received. If we were Brent Cartier, we would definitely recommend that we use the air freight alternative. This was determined by comparing the numbers seen in Appendix 5. If we take a look, if the amount of air freight per unit exceeds the cost of shipping by sea per unit by less then $2.04, then airfreight will be more cost efficient. The $2.04 essentially represents differences in holding cost per unit, which is why we analyze this difference. It is important to realize however, that this is based upon a 12% inventory holding cost. If we were to base it upon 60% inventory carrying costs, the difference would be equal to $10.19. We would have to show the board of directors the calculations derived in determining the above numbers so that air freight will sell itself. The numbers speak for themselves, and the board of directors should clearly be able to see this noticeable advantage.

The Ideals of Fdr

FDR: The Great American President Jacob WagmanProfessor Christy ChapinHIST102Due: 25OCT12 Franklin Delano Roosevelt is easily the best president of his era. He had the single best approach to the economic problems and social problems that followed the economic problems of the time. Many people would say that he couldn’t make decisions for himself because of how he was constantly changing his ideas but in truth, his plan was to do whatever it took to work and he was going to make something work. In case it was not known, FDR was a fighter. He never gave up on the USA or stepped down even after being stricken by polio.A lot of his ideas came from his â€Å"brain trust† which was comprised of many advisors of all different back rounds and political beliefs. He was constantly keeping the American people informed with the state of the government and economy through a new invention popularly known as the radio. He would go out of his way to help the banks and would do anythin g to dig the US out of the pit that Hoover had dug and did nothing really to dig them out other than laying the foundation for FDR to bring America back from the brink of complete collapse.Using the foundation laid by Hoover many Administrations, Acts, and even some Corporations were put in place and somewhere welcomed and others weren’t, but FDR took all of the success and failures and made sure it worked out for the American people and the world when WWII came around. His foreign policy in WWII was very much respected and still is today because FDR would not let the crimes of others go unpunished. All in all everything FDR did was for the best of this country and the way he handled WWII both domestically and overseas.When FDR was elected into office he was left with quite a mess left by Herbert Hoover, but Hoover had left a very nice foundation to start FDR’s famous â€Å"New Deal. † Programs during this time focused on trying very hard to help bring the US ou t of the Great Depression by working on reform, recovery, and relief efforts. Many of the programs put together by FDR came from his â€Å"brain trust† which was FDR’s circle of advisors which ranged from democrats to republicans and even to progressives. This is why it seemed like his ideals were always changing because he was trying to here from verybody to see which would work best to pull the US out of the muck. He started with starting a bank holiday in which every bank in the US was forced to close so that government officials could come into each of the banks and decide if the banks were suited to re-open for public use. In order to guarantee the money people put into the bank for safe keeping, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was created and this gained the public’s usage of the banks again because they could not possibly lose their money because of a bank failing because the government backed up the money 100%.The Securities and Exchange Commission Act was also implemented to regulate the stock market so that another stock market crash could be avoided. Many people disagreed with these economic policies but if they were alive they could see that these two government sectors are still in use today because of how effective they have been throughout the years. FDR’s next goal was to provide jobs for all the people who were unemployed, which was about 25% of the entire population.Programs to fix this problem were such like the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which hired young adults around 18 to plants tress and help the National Parks, the Public Works Administration (PWA), which contracted with private businesses to build roads, schools, hospitals, and other government-esc buildings, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TWA), which was set up to build dams along the Tennessee River, and the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which was an administration that directly hired people and also white collar workers s uch as teachers and nurses, and they also trained unskilled workers so they could perform specific tasks.Looking back nobody could even argue with these programs because it provided thousands of jobs for the unemployed which did much more good than bad. There was some controversy over the TWA forcing people out of their houses but it was for the good of the entire Tennessee River Valley so it was more necessary than anything. ,Many programs were welcomed with open arms like the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) which tried to lower the foreclosure rate and made more long term mortgage loans that made owning a house more possible, but there were programs like the National Recovery Administration (NRA) which wanted to eliminate competition so all businesses could thrive, but it ailed very oorly because the little businesses were still eaten alive by the bigger companies, and another unpopular program was the Resettlement Administration (aka Federal Security Administration), tried t o make farming more like the USSR in which farming was more collective and controlled by the government but the program was met by much resistance both from Farmer’s and the Chamber of Commerce.But if it had not been for these failure than FDR would not have been able to come up with the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), which was the government paying farmers not to produce so that the goods on the market could be purchased at a slightly higher price to attempt to stimulate the economy. At first the Supreme Court shot down the AAA, but it was later brought back by congress in 1938 because it actually helped farmers and made them happy.During the start of WWII when it was strictly in Europe and China, the USA became extremely isolationist to the point where they even pulled out of Haiti and Nicaragua so that they were involved in as little foreign conflict as possible. The USA even refused to sell weapons to Great Britain and France because they didn’t want to risk getting pulled into another World War again. While the war kept going on the USA passed acts such as the Neutrality Acts which banned US citizens from traveling on ships from foreign nations that were in war with another country and they banned selling weapons to foreign nations.FDR pleaded with congress to allow the USA to at least attempt to assist the allies fighting in Europe because they were just that, the USA’s allies. But congress kept turning down FDRs pleas for help until he managed to convince congress to allow for the first Military draft and for the US to start building and selling arms to the Allied powers. This was when FDR decided to run for a 3rd term which he won by a landslide because people saw how he had started to help the economy grow bit by bit. In 1941, FDR got the Lend-Lease act to be approved.The Lend-Lease Act made it possible for the US to fully help the Allies by giving them arms and munitions. In order to provide these items for the All ies more jobs had to be created to produce the weapons and so thousands of jobs were created which helped the economy out that much more. The Lend-Lease Act also stopped all trade with Japan in an attempt to discourage them from continuing the atrocities they were committing over in China. This unfortunately provoked Japan into launching a preemptive strike on Pearl Harbor where over 2000 service men lost their lives and about 200 aircrafts were destroyed and 18 naval ships were lost.FDR immediately requested a declaration of war in his famous address to congress in which he quoted the attack on Pearl Harbor as â€Å"a day that will live in infamy. † FDR’s policy on isolationism and then all-out war is an extremely well thought out strategy considering the position the US was in. He wanted to help GB and France desperately but Congress wouldn’t help him at all. But he pushed and pushed till he finally succeeds and ultimately, helped the Allies push to victory an d overcome the most outstanding odds against them.Franklin Delano Roosevelt is not only one of the best Presidents the USA has ever had, but he also had some of the most ingenious ideals for how to fix the economic crisis the US has ever faced, and then later one of the worst crisis the world has ever faced in World War Two. His plans or creating jobs worked unlike those of Hoover, and even though some of his programs failed, he learned from the failures only to make the successful programs even more helpful and long lasting for the US.To top his economic policies, his policies on World War Two were even better because he found a way to stay isolationist at the beginning where he could still make jobs by avoiding the war and then joining the war when it was absolutely crucial the US did, which ultimately ended up pulling the USA out of the Great Depression even if he were not alive to see them win the war and there to see the Great Depression end due to all the good he did for the U SA. Nobody can argue that his ideals and policies were anything shy of some of the best of any president.

Free Essays on Rocket Boys

In the days of Hal Roach’s "Our Gang" shorts ("The Little Rascals" for the TV generation), Spanky and his pals used their own ingenuity to build things they couldn’t buy. For Homer H. Hickam Jr., growing up in a small West Virginia coal town, the early days of the space race inspired him and his friends to build rockets. Rocket Boys: A Memoir is the boyhood story of a NASA engineer that did more than read about the future, he set out to achieve it. In Coalwood, the elder Hickam was the foreman of one of the better company mining towns in a state famous for its rich coal deposits. Hickam, nicknamed "Sonny," recounts how his father spent most of his time at the mine, his mother’s resigned attitude, and the stagnant cycle of the lives of the miners and their families. Sonny was a typical teenager of the era, interested in having a good time and just beginning to notice girls. On October 5, 1957, an event happened that changed Sonny’s life forever; the Russian satellite Sputnik circled the planet and marked the start of the space race. Rather than rail against the threat of Communism like his father and other adults, Sonny was inspired by the feat, and saw it as a way out of Coalwood. He decided to learn how to build rockets so he could join NASA’s Dr. Wernher von Braun in launching America into space. Teaming up with a few school chums, Sonny forms the Big Creek Missile Agency (BCMA) with the encouragement of his mother. To everyone else in Coalwood and their high school, often with some derision, they become "the rocket boys." Together, they start to learn calculus, physics and engineering in order to build rockets. At first, the football team and the girls laugh at them, but the events set about by the space race inspire the school to increase its academic workload and decrease emphasis on sports. Suddenly, the rocket boys find themselves the center of attention. And when labor troubles and accidents at the mine threate... Free Essays on Rocket Boys Free Essays on Rocket Boys In the days of Hal Roach’s "Our Gang" shorts ("The Little Rascals" for the TV generation), Spanky and his pals used their own ingenuity to build things they couldn’t buy. For Homer H. Hickam Jr., growing up in a small West Virginia coal town, the early days of the space race inspired him and his friends to build rockets. Rocket Boys: A Memoir is the boyhood story of a NASA engineer that did more than read about the future, he set out to achieve it. In Coalwood, the elder Hickam was the foreman of one of the better company mining towns in a state famous for its rich coal deposits. Hickam, nicknamed "Sonny," recounts how his father spent most of his time at the mine, his mother’s resigned attitude, and the stagnant cycle of the lives of the miners and their families. Sonny was a typical teenager of the era, interested in having a good time and just beginning to notice girls. On October 5, 1957, an event happened that changed Sonny’s life forever; the Russian satellite Sputnik circled the planet and marked the start of the space race. Rather than rail against the threat of Communism like his father and other adults, Sonny was inspired by the feat, and saw it as a way out of Coalwood. He decided to learn how to build rockets so he could join NASA’s Dr. Wernher von Braun in launching America into space. Teaming up with a few school chums, Sonny forms the Big Creek Missile Agency (BCMA) with the encouragement of his mother. To everyone else in Coalwood and their high school, often with some derision, they become "the rocket boys." Together, they start to learn calculus, physics and engineering in order to build rockets. At first, the football team and the girls laugh at them, but the events set about by the space race inspire the school to increase its academic workload and decrease emphasis on sports. Suddenly, the rocket boys find themselves the center of attention. And when labor troubles and accidents at the mine threate...

5 Tips for Fixing Not Only . . . But Also Errors

5 Tips for Fixing Not Only . . . But Also Errors 5 Tips for Fixing â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Errors 5 Tips for Fixing â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Errors By Mark Nichol Few constructions cause as much consternation for editors as that in which a contrast is represented with the phrase â€Å"not only, . . but.† The solution to garbled syntax in such constructions is simple but bears repeating, so multiple sample sentences follow. But before we go any further, note not only that a comma following â€Å"not only† is unnecessary but also that also (or too or as well) is essential after but. At its most basic, the erroneous sentence structure you will see played out in several variations here is â€Å"(Subject) (this) (verb) and (that).† The correct sequence is â€Å"(Subject) (verb) (this) and (that).† 1. â€Å"I not only knew where this person was shopping and how much he or she was spending, but the exact time of each transaction.† For such a sentence to exhibit proper parallel structure, the verb following the subject must precede â€Å"not only† so that it applies to both parallel phrases, or the verb must be repeated. In the latter case, the sentence would read, â€Å"I not only knew where this person was shopping and how much he or she was spending; I also knew the exact time of each transaction.† This solution is correct but cumbersome. (I was tempted to write â€Å"not only correct but also cumbersome,† but one is favorable and the other unfavorable, so introducing parallel structure seems inappropriate.) For clarity and simplicity, try this: â€Å"I knew not only where this person was shopping and how much he or she was spending but also the exact time of each transaction.† (Note also the insertion of also.) 2. â€Å"When the United Kingdom went through its mad cow mess, it had to bury not just the dead animals that had gotten sick, but had to change its butchering methods.† That’s a clumsy (and erroneous) attempt to provide the verb twice. It’s far more elegant to compose the sentence so that a single had is strong enough: â€Å"When the United Kingdom went through its mad cow mess, it had to not only bury the dead animals that had gotten sick but also change its butchering methods.† 3. â€Å"Their drinking may not only reflect difficulties in sleeping and calming down, but the fact that their parents provided a chaotic and inconsistent home environment.† This sentence almost sounds right, but may, the verb that precedes â€Å"not only,† is an auxiliary, or helper, verb; it’s playing second banana to reflect, which must also precede â€Å"not only†: â€Å"Their drinking may reflect not only difficulties in sleeping and calming down but also the fact that their parents provided a chaotic and inconsistent home environment.† 4. â€Å"Extended-stay lodging may not only fulfill a practical purpose but an emotional one.† The error is most easily seen in sentences such as this one, in which the â€Å"but (also)† phrase is brief and noisily clatters to the floor, unsupported by the sentence structure: â€Å"Extended-stay lodging may fulfill not only a practical purpose but also an emotional one.† 5. â€Å"They understood that the devastation was not solely about the lack of water, but about the way the land had been used.† This sentence, in which solely stands in for only, places the â€Å"not only† element correctly, but, again, the comma is extraneous, and an inserted also is not: â€Å"They understood that the devastation was not solely about the lack of water but also about the way the land had been used.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcConfusing "Passed" with "Past"1,462 Basic Plot Types

Biography of Mata Hari, Infamous World War I Spy

Biography of Mata Hari, Infamous World War I Spy Mata Hari (August 7, 1876–October 15, 1917) was a Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan who was arrested by the French and executed for espionage during World War I. After her death, her stage name Mata Hari became synonymous with spying and espionage. Fast Facts: Mata Hari Known For: Working as a  spy  for  Germany  during  World War IAlso Known As: Margaretha Geertruida Zelle; Lady MacLeodBorn: August 7, 1876 in Leeuwarden,  The NetherlandsParents: Adam Zelle, Antje van der MeulenDied: October 15, 1917 in Paris,  FranceSpouse: Rudolf John MacLeod (m.  1895- 1906)Children: Norman-John MacLeod, Louise Jeanne MacLeodNotable Quote: Death is nothing, nor life either, for that matter. To die, to sleep, to pass into nothingness, what does it matter? Everything is an illusion. Early Life Mata Hari was born Margaretha Geertruida Zelle in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, on August 7, 1876, as the first of four children. Zelles father was a hat maker by trade, but having invested well in oil, he had enough money to spoil his only daughter. At only 6 years old, Zelle became the talk of the town when she traveled in a goat-drawn carriage that her father had given her. In school, Zelle was known to be flamboyant, often appearing in new, flashy dresses. However, Zelles world changed drastically when her family went bankrupt in 1889 and her mother died two years later. Family Breakup After her mothers death, the Zelle family was split up and Zelle, now 15, was sent to Sneek to live with her godfather, Mr. Visser. Visser decided to send Zelle to a school that trained kindergarten teachers so that shed have a career. At the school, the headmaster Wybrandus Haanstra became enchanted by Zelle and pursued her. When a scandal broke out, Zelle was asked to leave the school, so she went to live with her uncle, Mr. Taconis, in The Hague. Marriage  and Divorce In March 1895, while still staying with her uncle, 18-year-old Zelle became engaged to Rudolph John MacLeod after answering a personal ad in the newspaper. (The ad had been placed as a joke by MacLeods friend.) MacLeod was a 38-year-old officer on home leave from the Dutch East Indies, where he had been stationed for 16 years. On July 11, 1895, the two were married. They spent much of their married life living in the tropics of Indonesia where money was tight, isolation was difficult, and Johns rudeness and Zelles youth caused serious friction in their marriage. Zelle and John had two children together, Norman-John MacLeod and Louise Jeanne MacLeod. Both children became quite ill in June 1899. Norman-John died at age 2, but Louise Jeanne survived and lived until 1919. Zelle and John suspected the children may have been poisoned by a disgruntled servant. In 1902, the couple moved back to The Netherlands and soon separated. Their divorce became final in 1906. Off to Paris Zelle decided to go to Paris for a new start. Without a husband, career, and money, Zelle used her experiences in Indonesia to create a new persona, one who donned jewels, smelled of perfume, spoke occasionally in Malay, danced seductively, and often wore very few clothes. She made her dancing debut in a salon and instantaneously became a success. When reporters and others interviewed her, Zelle continually added to the mystique that surrounded her by spinning fantastic, fictionalized stories about her background, including being a Javanese princess and daughter of a baron. To sound more exotic, she took the stage name Mata Hari, Malayan for eye of the day (the sun). Famous Dancer and Courtesan Zelle became famous. All things oriental were in fashion in Paris, and Zelles exotic looks added to her mystique. Zelle danced at both private salons and later at large theaters. She danced at ballets and operas. She was invited to large parties and traveled extensively. She also took a number of lovers (often military men from various countries) who were willing to provide her financial support in exchange for her company. Espionage, Capture, and Execution Zelle was no longer a sleek dancer when in 1916 she started to spy for France during World War I. She was actually 40 years old at the time, and her time as a dancer was long behind her. She fell in love with a Russian captain, Vladimir de Masloff, who was sent to the front and became injured. Zelle wanted to support him financially, so she accepted an offer to spy for France in mid-1916. France thought her courtesan contacts would be of use to its intelligence operation. She began to meet with German contacts. She provided the French with little useful information and may have begun to work for Germany as a double agent. The French eventually intercepted a German cable that named a spy code-named H-21, clearly a code name for Mata Hari. The French became convinced that she was a spy and arrested her on Feb. 13, 1917. She was accused of spying for Germany, causing the deaths of at least 50,000 soldiers, and was put on trial in July 1917. After a short trial conducted in private in front of a military court, she was found guilty of spying for Germany and sentenced to death by firing squad. The French executed Zelle on Oct. 15, 1917. She was 41 years old. Legacy During World War I, Zelles frequent traveling across international borders and her varied companions caused several countries to wonder if she was a spy or even a double-agent. Many people who met her say that she was sociable but just not smart enough to pull off such a feat. The notion that Zelle was an exotic dancer who used her powers of seduction to extract military secrets was false. She was years past her prime as a dancer by the time she agreed to serve as a spy for France- and possibly for Germany. Zelle maintained her innocence up until the time of her death. Sources Shipman, Pat. â€Å"Why Mata Hari Wasnt a Cunning Spy After All.†Ã‚  The History Behind the Killing of Mata Hari, 14 Oct. 2017. NationalGeographic.com.â€Å"Mata Hari.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 19 Apr. 2019.The Execution of Mata Hari, 1917. Eyewitnesstohistory.com.

Article report of making tough calls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Article report of making tough calls - Essay Example In this paper, we shall be discussing the different aspects that make a true leader especially when making tough calls. It is often extremely essential for every leader to be able to understand what is going on in his organization, as well as have the ability to make necessary adjustments so that his capabilities can be considered an asset. Strong Personality Character can be considered to be a compass because it guides a leader about what he decision he must make. Moreover, a leader has to have the courage to follow through all the decisions that he has made because without it, then his decisions will not work, and will in fact, become meaningless (Gee, 2000). Therefore, without character and courage, a leader will not succeed and he/ she will be seen to falter when the time comes to make difficult choices. If a leader falters, then the organization he runs will also most likely fail. Making the Right Decisions at the Right Time Many leaders throughout history have been unsuccessful because they have failed to make the right decisions when these decisions were needed the most (Stoll, 2009). Every leader has to have the ability to find out the situations that need their immediate attention. After identifying these situations, they have to consider the best solution for them. They have to study the situations exceptionally well and understand them so that their decisions can be correct and well informed. Moreover, failing to understand the situations means that they will likely make the wrong call, which will end up being faulty. The next step to be considered is making a decision according to how best the leader understands the situations. A principled leader must ensure that he has received the opinion of all those involved in order to make a well-balanced call. It is only after he has listened to the input of these people and has made an assessment that the situation does indeed need a call, that he should make a decision concerning how to solve the problem. The third step should be the implementation of the leader’s decision, and this has to be done under his direct supervision. This is to ensure that the decision is implemented to the latter and that no mistakes are made. It will further ensure that the correct results are achieved and not those that are undesirable. The Development of Knowledge Leaders require sufficient knowledge of their organization to ensure that their decisions are highly effective. In order to acquire this knowledge, the leader has to do his own investigations within the organization and come up with as much information about it as he can. He should be ready to stop old practices and be prepared to adopt new ones, which will help in the effective running of his organization. Moreover, he should show some enlightenment through learning his own weaknesses and striving towards mastering them. After doing this, he should consult with his subordinates so that he can get their opinions of how the organization is running as well as where they think improvements should be made (Tichy and Bennis, 2008). A leader cannot do well without the support of his subordinates and to gain this support, he should treat them as equals, listening to their opinions and consulting them wherever the need to do so arises. This will ensure a close relationship with them, and because of their loyalty; they will give their best towards the achievement of the

Individual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual analysis - Essay Example In addition, role fulfillment among each member will aid in attaining his or her essential goals. Based on my experience while working on the assigned tasks, I learnt there are principles of membership dynamics that are essential in a group work. For instance, I realized that every participant is equally responsible for the entire group’s success and good interaction amongst members. Therefore, each participant ought to ensure there is good communication amongst all the members. This is by availing required responses, participating in decision making as well as making discussion times livelier. Hence, ensuring there is no participant who lags behind due to his or her poor academic performance limitations (Weimer, 2013). In addition, group work can be extremely emotional especially if participants emanate from different races, ethnic backgrounds or religions. Therefore, leaders who are not in control of their emotions and choice of words end up being a stumbling block to the gr oup’s enthusiasm especially if they are not apologetic (Weimer, 2013). During group work, I learnt that a leader ought to emphasize on the importance of meeting as well as setting deadlines without any excuses amongst its members. This norm will always keep participants successful in every task they tackle. Besides, I believe when every member in a group feels psychologically safe and does not look down upon him or herself, their participation levels gradually increases. However, in many social settings such as group works, members have little concern about psychological safety of all their fellow participants. This influences their participation negatively because some may start feeling inferior; hence fail to participate in discussion as necessitated. Therefore, every member bears the responsibility of ensuring his or her fellow participants feel psychologically secure throughout the discussion period (Weimer, 2013). For instance, participants should avoid ridicule or sarca sm towards their peers because this may negatively affect their confidence and desire to participate in the group. During group work, I learnt each member ought to have a self-driven purpose in producing both good and quality work in every task they undertake. I also believe participants ought to foster good relationships amongst themselves and beyond to achieve proper results. Hence, aid in developing both trust and dependability among themselves by making discussions very interesting. Leadership is a process through which an individual, organization or group positively influences other people to achieve already set objectives (Northouse, 2011). In addition, it directs an organization or company in a cohesive and coherent manner towards achieving their goals (Northouse, 2011). For one to be a leader, he or she acquires power through four varied ways, which include legitimate, reward, coercive, expert and reverend (Northouse, 2011). Effective leaders understand risks and benefits, w hich each type of power embodies and try to use them appropriately to attain firm’s set goals. In many circumstances, leaders do not have any great influence on the success of a certain group but the will of the followers automatically leads to positive success in any situation. Many leaders acquire leadership skills and knowledge from schools or other settings (Rojas & Alvarez, 2012). However, these

Mid-Term Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mid-Term Exam - Essay Example Moreover, it is also defined as influence of knowledge concerning the response of the consumers to the brand marketing. Therefore, brand equity is a function regarding to the choice of consumers in a target market. In fact, the concept of the brand equity occurs though the choices made by customers concerning the products and services, and familiarization of customers with the brands, whereby they have a favorable perception towards distinction of the brand. Maintaining Brand Equity The effort of maintaining the brand equity involves focusing on brand awareness in order to increase the probability of customers familiarizing with the availability of products. In fact, this increases the degree of consumer association with the commodities offer by a certain company. Moreover, there is need to measure the ratio of the marketing niche, which relates to former knowledge concerning the brands. Therefore, creating brand awareness is a substantial way of maintaining the brand equity and bran d recall. The other effort is to facilitate brand recognition of the products by consumers through their prior knowledge. Moreover, there the brand is associated with the deep customer mind concerning the brand, whereby establishing a positive perception about the brand. The other initiative related to the effort to foster brand loyalty, whereby the customer has fear of consuming commodities from other brands, thus they end up remaining loyal to a specific brand which contributes to maintenance of brand equity. Product Life Cycle Concept Introduction stage: this stage involves introduction of the product into the market with an aim of building a clarified identity though promotion to create awareness (Kotler & Keller, 2012). This is the stage before the products are offered to the customers, whereby the product undergoes development process that entails prototyping and various tests. Substantial cost is incurred in at this stage due to the additional distribution expenses. Moreover, there are few customers with the awareness of the products; thus, the sales volumes are low and the profits might have a low or negative figure due to the high cost and the low sales. Growth Stage: at this stage, the sales volume and profitability commences to increase due the appropriate organization of the products, whereby customers from a habit of consuming the products. The company focuses on brand preference the attaining the set objective that involve a set market share. Competition increases at this stage forcing the company to focus on advertisements in order to ensure that customer are convinced to buy the products, though the profits reduces at the end of the growth stage. Maturity stage: there is a continued increase in sales, though there is a decreased rate compare to the past due to competitors offering the same products in the same market. Therefore, the business focuses on maintaining their market share through an extension of the product life cycle, instead of foc using on profits. Decline stage: At this stage, there is a reduction of the sales volume and an alteration of trends due to the inauspicious of economic conditions. There are reduced sales volumes, while market saturation increases due the technical obsolescence and chances in customer tastes and preferences. Profitability is maintained when there is development of brand loyalty, though there are increases in the unit costs and reduced production resulting to constant profits. Innovations in Interactive Television and Online

The Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony and Repressed Memories Essay

The Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony and Repressed Memories - Essay Example Although many people rely on eyewitness testimony, there are a huge number of factors which can influence the way that a victim or other witness recalls the perpetrator of a crime. For example, the stress of being a victim of, or viewing, a crime can mean that some people remember certain elements more vividly or psychologically adapt the memory to make it more bearable (Loftus, 1994). Additionally, there is evidence that cross-racial identification issues, meaning that many eyewitnesses have proven difficulty identifying a perpetrator from a race other than their own (Buckhout, 1974). Pressure from law enforcement agencies can also make a difference, as those who cannot correctly remember the individual in question may feel forced to make a rash judgment that does not correlate with the real criminal (Loftus, 1996). Another common problem that comes from identifying a perpetrator comes from the fact that the witness usually assumes that the actual criminal is present in the line-up, and thus will feel forced to choose from one of those presented to him or her (Loftus, 1996). However, line-ups can be composed of a group of people that happen to fit the description given, or those who were in the area at the time and do not always contain the perpetrator (Loftus, 1996). Police and law enforcement can help to prevent this problem by giving line-up instructions that inform the witness of this fact and ensuring that the witness does not feel pressure to make an immediate judgment, although this does not always work in practice (Bernstein, Penner, Clarke-Stewart & Roy, 2011). It is also a common belief that people can repress memories of traumatic events and then later retrieve these memories (using counseling or otherwise), which could then be used in a court of law. This idea is still really controversial amongst psychologists, with some believing that there

Proposal writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Proposal writing - Essay Example This movie Rain Man depicts Raymond as a high-functioning autistic person from which nothing much is expected; living among so many other people with disabilities who expected much from him. Raymond’s doctors and other friends used to look at him as a person who was always in his world and one who was not able to establish a relationship. Throughout the movie also, Raymond is seen to contribute a lot towards his brother’s character and behavioural change. For the reason of depicting Raymond as one individual from whom nothing is expected, I am convinced to think that this movie portrays disabled people in a negative way (Lee 883-900). Nevertheless, Raymond is honesty and caring; he can remember some dates and addresses and knows many truths about baseball. Moreover, Raymond is shown to have the capabilities of tackling difficult sums in his head and a great ability to count cards. However, despite such nice characters and mental power from a person with autism the movie still shows that his ability and character is being taken advantage of and therefore the movie continues to portray disabled people in a negative way. Raymond is also very good in self-advocacy since he succeeded in explaining to his brother that he did not want to fly and hence they drove. Since Raymond was re-united with his brother through social character, it is unfair for the movie to depict him as an antisocial person who can’t make a relationship. He shows lots of care to his brother through counting cards for him and helping him financially without questioning. For all these reasons therefore, Raymond according to me does not deserve to have been depicted in a manner likely to suggest that he is useless and cannot contribute to the society (Lee 883-900). The reason why I decided to come up with this adaptation is that so many people currently are finding pleasure in watching movies and it is likely that the negative depiction of the disabled character in

Miranda Rights and Fifth and the Sixth Amendment Essay

Miranda Rights and Fifth and the Sixth Amendment - Essay Example In case of Miranda rights, a defendant or suspect gains the right to obtain services from an attorney while he experiences investigation and interrogation despite the fact that he is under the custody of the police. The main purpose of the right to counsel under Miranda rights is to restrict police officials from using coercive methods of interrogation while the suspect is under the custody of police officials. Another purpose of the right to counsel under Miranda rights is to protect an individual’s right to plead guilty under the regulations of the Fifth Amendment. Under Miranda rights, the suspect is allowed to obtain aid from an attorney before he is interrogated and even while the interrogation process is taking place. If the suspect asks the police officials for an attorney, it becomes obligatory for the police officials to put a stop to all activities categorized as integration. In case of Maine v. Moulton case, the judge stated that the suspect or defendant should not be restricted from obtaining services from an attorney before the trial proceedings take place or while the suspect is in police custody because this action can have a much damaging effect as compared to rejection of right to counsel during the proceedings of the case (Champion, 2005, p.369). The defendant even has a right to act as an attorney himself if he has the capability to perform duties of an attorney and can defend himself if the defendant does not have these capabilities, then the defendant has to obtain assistance from an attorney.

Proposal writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Proposal writing - Essay Example This movie Rain Man depicts Raymond as a high-functioning autistic person from which nothing much is expected; living among so many other people with disabilities who expected much from him. Raymond’s doctors and other friends used to look at him as a person who was always in his world and one who was not able to establish a relationship. Throughout the movie also, Raymond is seen to contribute a lot towards his brother’s character and behavioural change. For the reason of depicting Raymond as one individual from whom nothing is expected, I am convinced to think that this movie portrays disabled people in a negative way (Lee 883-900). Nevertheless, Raymond is honesty and caring; he can remember some dates and addresses and knows many truths about baseball. Moreover, Raymond is shown to have the capabilities of tackling difficult sums in his head and a great ability to count cards. However, despite such nice characters and mental power from a person with autism the movie still shows that his ability and character is being taken advantage of and therefore the movie continues to portray disabled people in a negative way. Raymond is also very good in self-advocacy since he succeeded in explaining to his brother that he did not want to fly and hence they drove. Since Raymond was re-united with his brother through social character, it is unfair for the movie to depict him as an antisocial person who can’t make a relationship. He shows lots of care to his brother through counting cards for him and helping him financially without questioning. For all these reasons therefore, Raymond according to me does not deserve to have been depicted in a manner likely to suggest that he is useless and cannot contribute to the society (Lee 883-900). The reason why I decided to come up with this adaptation is that so many people currently are finding pleasure in watching movies and it is likely that the negative depiction of the disabled character in

Business environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business environment - Research Paper Example 1. Customers These are the main stakeholders in a business since goods and services are made in a way that their needs can be satisfied. They affect a business such that their needs form the basis of the business’ plan to make goods that satisfy these needs. Customers’ tastes and preferences are also key to the business such that as diverse as their tastes and preferences are, so does the business diversify its products. The business has control over the customers such that the business can influence the customers’ decisions through pricing, packaging and adding new features to products. 2. Employees Employees in an organisation are the very important. This is because the employees help the business management to be able to make products and provide services to its customers. They influence a business by providing the business with work force to undertake their operations. In a situation where the employees down their tools, the organisation is not able to provide any goods and services to its customers. However, the business has control over them by making policies, rules and regulations, attractive salaries and social welfare. If the business management uses such control, the employees of the organisation become effective. These are also stakeholders of a business, who provide a business with the raw materials or finished goods that the organisation needs to carry out its business. They affect the business by maintaining a supply chain of making goods available to the business as needed.

School As Organizations Essay Example for Free

School As Organizations Essay 1. Primary schools: Primary Schools are for children aged 4 to 11 years. The subjects to be taught at primary schools are specified by the National Curriculum, the pupils tested on SAT’s at year 2(age 7) which is known KS1 and year 6(age 11) which is known as KS2. The subjects to be taught are English, Mathematics and Science. Other subjects, including History, Geography, Technology, Music, Art and Physical Education (PE) are also taught. The first class in primary school is called the Reception class which is known as Foundation Stage (F2). 2. Secondary Schools: Secondary Schools are for children aged 11 to 16. State secondary schools must follow the National Curriculum and they assessed the children at Key Stage 3 (age 14) and Key Stage 4 (age 16) which is known as (GCSE). 3. Private (Independent Schools): which is also known as Public Schools, they don’t have to follow the national curriculum. They need to pay the school fees as there is no funded from the government. All private schools must be registered with the government and are inspected regularly. There is a private school which is specialist in teaching (special education needs). 4. Community Schools: is a type of state-funded school in which the local education authority (LEA) employs the schools staff. The LEA employs the staffs, own the land and buildings as well as put the rules for admission. 5. Trust or Foundation Schools: Foundation schools are run by a governing body which employs the staff and sets the entrance criteria. Land and buildings are owned either by the governing body or by a charitable foundation. Trust schools are similar, but are run together with an outside body, usually a business or charity, which has formed an educational trust. 1.

Disneys Medievalesque Sleeping Beauty Essay -- Essays Papers

Disney's Medievalesque Sleeping Beauty "It was not once upon a time, but in a certain time in history, before anyone knew what was happening, Walt Disney cast a spell on the fairy tale. He did not use a magic wand or demonic powers. On the contrary, Disney employed the most up-to-date technological means and used his own American "grit" and ingenuity to appropriate European fairy tales. His technical skills and ideological proclivities were so consummate that his signature obfuscated the names of Charles Perrault, the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen, and Collodi. If children or adults think of the great classical fairy tales today, be it Snow White, Sleeping Beauty, or Cinderella, they will think Walt Disney. " --Jack Zipes, "Breaking the Disney Spell" (72) Zipes, one of the foremost scholars on the "fairy tale" has published numerous commentaries on Disney's cinematic versions of fairy tales and critiques Disney for using them to perpetuate what Zipes sees as cultural ills. In the same essay he writes, "The manner in which he copied the musical films and plays of his time, and his close adaptation of fairy tales with patriarchal codes indicate that all the technical experiments would not be used to foster social change in America, but to keep power in the hands of individuals like himself, who felt empowered to design and create new worlds" (Zipes 93). Zipes ultimately sees Disney's egotism as guilty of failing to utilize the opportunity afforded within a medium such as the animated fairy tale to acknowledge and foster change within the social order. Zipes, along with other scholars such as Eleanor Byrne and Martin McQuillan, authors of the book Deconstructing Disney, explore and catalogue the various ways in which Walt Disney-the man-and Disney-the corporation that is his legacy-perpetuate social figurations of race, gender and ethnocentrism through they films they produce. They furthermore critique Disney for reducing fairy tales to over-simplified, over-sanitized and over-sentimentalized banalities designed solely as a profit-generating products. Such analyses prove to be truly important work, as the socio-cultural ideas propagated by Disney, as well as the means by it executed such propagation prove key in unlocking the messages that are sent through seemingly harmless "entertainment". As Zipes keenly point out, Yet, amus... ...Cited Byrne, Eleanor and Martin McQuillan. Deconstructing Disney. Great Britain: Pluto Press, 1999. Dorfman, Ariel and Armand Mattelart. How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic. Trans. David Kunzle. New York: International General 1984. Lefebvre, Henri. "Work and Leisure in Everyday Life." Everyday Life Reader. Ed. Ben Highmore. Great Britain: Routledge, 2002. 225-36. Marx, Karl. "Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: Introduction." 1844. The Marx-Engels Reader. Ed. Robert C. Tucker. 2nd ed. USA: Norton, 1978. 53-65. "Once Upon a Dream: The Making of Sleeping Beauty". Documentary. Disney, Inc., c. 1959. Perrault, Charles. "The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood." 1697. Perrault's Complete Fairy Tales. Trans. A.E. Johnson. USA: Dodd, Mead & Company, Inc. 1961. 1-15. Sleeping Beauty. Dir. Wilfred Jackson. Walt Disney Studios, 1959. "Sleeping Beauty: Commemorative Booklet." Disney Inc. c. 1997. Willis, Paul. "Symbolic Creativity." Everyday Life Reader. Ed. Ben Highmore. Great Britain: Routledge, 2002. 282-294. Zipes, Jack. Fairy Tale as Myth. USA: University Press of Kentucky, 1994.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Debate :: essays research papers

For many years schools have banned books from being taught to their students because of parent complaints. These books have been shunned from the criteria, which may or may not affect the student’s understanding on a specific subject. People have been fighting to have these books banned because of excessive use of profanity, violence, sex, drugs and many other reasons. They do not look further in the books to see exactly what the author is trying to portray. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is banned in various places in the United States. This book should not be banned because, this book shows an important part in our history, it is not pro-racism, and it shows how far along we have come since then.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is very important to the American culture. When Mark Twain was around, the use of the word â€Å"nigger† was quite common. That was how they referred to African Americans in that time. In the book, Twain makes Pap look like the worst possible white trash where as Huck and Jim, the slave, get closer throughout the book. The book shows how people felt towards African Americans back in the day and how it was wrong. They considered them as â€Å"inhuman.† In The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn, Aunt Sally seems to be a nice person, but when the little black boy was killed she does not care since â€Å"no human was hurt.† This shows how far along we have come since this time period. Huck plays three jokes on Jim, but in the end begs for his forgiveness because he felt he had done something indeed quite wrong. This shows that not all Southerners in the day were â€Å"racist.† Mark Twain makes fun of how many people in the South were wrong to think badly towards the African Americans. This book is a very good book to get an understanding of how things were wrong back then and how far we have come since then.

“12 Angry Men” by Reginald Rose Essay

When reading the play â€Å"12 angry men†, is it hard to ignore the prominent character- ‘the 8th Juror’. As the plot unfolds, the reader notices that Juror #8 is the only one among the 12 who really understands the seriousness of the situation at their hands. At the very beginning of the play, you can see that there is no sympathy towards the boy accused of murder. And why should it be? All the evidence that was brought up in the court room has crushed the defense and the boy’s chances on the trial. The prosecution made it clear that the boy is guilty. In fact, too clear- The defense was helpless and left many holes in their case. That’s why in the initial vote done by the jurors, everybody votes â€Å"guilty† (against the boy) except for #8. And here we see the first importance of #8: because of his reasonable doubt the jury hadn’t found the boy guilty at the first 10 minutes of their debating, which would have ended the trial. #8 did not necessarily believe the boy was innocent, but he understood that if he raised his hand at that vote- it would all end. They will not have a chance to discuss the case, and it will, in his eyes, belittle the value of human life. Furthermore, we can see that #8 is a key character in many other parts of the play. After starting to talk about the case, some of the other jurors got mad and tried to convince #8 to vote â€Å"guilty† and end the discussion. Yet, he stayed calm and tried to continue debating in spite of their efforts to â€Å"convert† him. After realizing that he is standing alone against them, he called for another vote, in which he will not participate (a rather questionable action, considering he had not yet spoke out the contradictions that he had found in the prosecution’s case). This was a rather bold step, but it paid out because of #9, who changed his vote to â€Å"not guilty† because of his respect towards #8 and #8’s courage. We see that despite the efforts the 11 jurors made, #8 stuck to his position and allowed the continuation of the play. At page 26 we see another contribution to the unfolding of the case- Juror #8  brings up the question whether the old man (who had testified about hearing the accused boy shouting â€Å"I’m going to kill you†) could really hear what he had clamed he heard. #8 makes the brilliant connection between two pieces of separate testimonies and proves (as much as it can be proved) that it was not possible for the old man to hear that. One by one he shattered the so-called facts, as he proved that â€Å"Sometimes the facts that are staring you in the face are wrong†. He develops the issue with the 15-seconds walk the old man apparently took, the eyeglasses marks next to the testifying woman’s eyes and many more. You can say that juror #8 has an additional importance to the play, in the terms of his character and personality. He shows a side that the jurors could not see- he tried to put himself in the boy’s shoes and see the case from a different perspective. By doing that, he showed the other jurors how prejudice can prevent people from seeing the truth (or in their case- judge in a fare manner). You can honestly say that if it were not for him, the boy would have been put to death for sure. He may only be an architect, but he presented his arguments like a lawyer and proved his theories throughout the play. He avoided being personally involved and let his sharp and lucid mind lead him and the rest of the jury on their way to solve the case.

Amartya Sen and His Contributions to Economics

Born in 1933 in Dhaka, Bengal, Amartya Sen spent his childhood in a school run by a Nobel Prize winner, Rabindranath Tagore. He was further exposed to racial riots in British India in his childhood. This brought him the understanding that poor people are especially vulnerable to violence. As a young man, Sen moved to England to study at Cambridge University and deepen his understanding of poverty, a topic in developmental economics.Upon finishing his education, he taught at some of the finest universities in the world, including Cambridge University, Oxford University, London School of Economics, and Harvard University (â€Å"Freedom as Progress,† 2004). Today, the name, Amartya Sen is considered synonymous with welfare economics. The man won the Nobel Prize for economics in the year 1998 (â€Å"Amartya K. Sen†). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences explains the reasons for the award thus: Prof Sen's contribution to welfare economics †¦ (and) applications of his t heoreticalapproach have enhanced our understanding of the economic mechanisms underlying famines. He has made a number of noteworthy contributions to central fields of economic science and opened up new fields of study for subsequent generations of researchers. By combining tools from economics and philosophy, he has restored an ethical dimension to the discussion of vital economic problems. Prof Sen treated problems such as majority rule, individual rights and the availability of information about individual welfare.Almost all of Prof Sen's work deals with development economics, as they are often devoted to the welfare of the poorest people in society. He has also studied actual famines. His best-known work is Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. He challenges the common view that a shortage of food is the most important (sometimes the only) explanation for famine. On the basis of careful study of a number of catastrophes †¦ he argues that famines have occurred even when the supply of food was not significantly lower than during previousyears (without famines), or that famine-stricken areas have sometimes exported food. (â€Å"Sen’s work is ‘devoted to the welfare of the poorest people in society,’† 1998) Sen won the Nobel Prize especially for his work in welfare economics (â€Å"Sin wins Nobel for Contribution to Welfare Economics,† 1998). His contributions in this area include the social choice theory, welfare and poverty indexes, income distribution, research on famine, collective decision making and individual welfare (â€Å"Amartya Sen,† 2000). The economist’s contribution to the social choice theory relates to democracy.Sen is a fan of Adam Smith, but the social choice theory was originally developed by Marquis de Condorcet, a French mathematician who lived and worked during a period of revolution back in the eighteenth century. The theory was modernized in the 1950s by Kennet h Arrow from Stanford University, who had also won a Nobel Prize for economics. But, Sen’s contribution to the theory is marked by its political implications. He was concerned about violence inflicted upon the poor in British India, which is why his contribution was meant to be a framework to evaluate social progress (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†).According to Sen, the Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Product are unreliable. The reason is twofold: firstly, these national income statistics do not measure income distribution as it is; and secondly, there are various influences upon individual freedom as well as well-being that these statistics fail to give consideration to, for example, disabilities and exposure to serious illnesses in a contaminated environment. Sen further believed that the head-count technique of measuring the malice of poverty is insufficient.He did not only want to know how many people fell below the poverty line but also how far they fell be low or rose above the poverty line. It is possible to analyze income inequality among the poor as well with these statistics. Hence, Sen proposed a new poverty measure in the year 1979 (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†). This method was developed to take into consideration â€Å"the ‘relative deprivation’ of individuals† (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†). Sen also helped in the development of the Human Development Index published by the United Nations Development Program.His contribution to the Human Development Index included a vector of numerical figures to take into account the various influences on individual welfare that the Gross National Product would not accommodate (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†). Undoubtedly, this Index, inclusive of â€Å"observed features of living conditions,† is now â€Å"the most widely accepted measure of comparative international welfare† (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†). Sen was a witness to the Bengal fa mine of 1943, which is what inspired him to contribute to famine economics so much so that governments around the world have developed policies around his contributions.Most policymakers and commentators had previously believed that famines ensue when the supply of food declines. Although this makes perfect economic sense, Sen proved through his study of famines in Bangladesh, India, and sub-Saharan Africa that famines also occur when the supply of food has not declined. In the year 1974, for example, Bangladesh was hit by a famine although production of food was very high. Furthermore, Sen proved through research that it was not only the poorest people that were affected by famines; rather, even those who had suddenly experienced a decline in income for some reason were affected by food shortage.As a result of his research, governments decided to replace the lost income of the poor during famines. Prior to this, they had simply concentrated on food distribution (â€Å"Freedom as P rogress†). Sen further found that famines do not happen in democratic countries. In India, for example, information spreads rapidly and criticism about policies is not discouraged, which is why the country has never experienced a famine. Even though India is poorer than China, the latter experienced a famine that killed approximately thirty million people between 1958 and 1961.But, Sen did not just advocate democracy through this research. As he studied famine economics, he analyzed gender inequality to boot. According to him, democracy has not inspired India to save women from dying prematurely year after year because of inequality in access to healthcare (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†). In fact, millions of women are equally affected by this problem in addition to â€Å"domestic neglect† and â€Å"social negligence† in West Asia, North Africa, China and India (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†).Even if these problems are resolved, Sen has noted that â€Å" ‘selective abortion of female fetuses’† is a new contributor to the high rate of female mortality (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†). Of course, those who believe in aborting female fetuses would disagree with Sen that it is a social problem to reduce the female population thus. It is for this reason that Sen’s social choice theory revolves around democratic principles (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†). In other words, â€Å"when there is general agreement, the choices made by society are uncontroversial.When opinions differ, the problem is to find methods for bringing together different opinions in decisions that concern everyone† (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†). This theory of social choice analyzes the significance of individual decisions for collective welfare. Apart from analyzing the issue of gender inequality, Sen has used this theory to answer questions such as, ‘When is it possible for majority rule to yield decisions that are c lear and consistent? ’ and, ‘Because individuals have differing interests, how is it possible to know that the society is doing well?Branching into politics, Sen’s contribution to social choice theory makes it essential for democracies not only to perfect the process of elections but also to hold regular public debates and discussions. He offers the example of India to illustrate this point. The country had voted out a powerful political party on the basis of political discussions even if the result of the elections had appeared decisive (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†). Sen explains another use of the social choice theory with an example of India. There was public debate on the issue of whether poverty in India was on the decline.Upon analyzing the issue with the social choice theory, Sen discovered that reduction in poverty only affected those who were already very close to the poverty line. It is for this reason that the economist continues to trust evaluat ion of income distribution through a variety of measures rather than Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Product alone. With his contribution to the Human Development Index, the economist has theoretical evidence that education and healthcare reforms will alleviate poverty in developing nations.Moreover, Sen believes that globalization can benefit the poorest people of the world to boot (â€Å"Freedom as Progress†). Of course, to make this dream a reality, policymakers must be working around the Human Development Index. After all, violence, too, affects everybody. If poverty is not alleviated, economic progress must needs be dampened by war.References Amartya K. Sen. Retrieved Apr 1, 2009, from http://cepa. newschool. edu/het/profiles/sen. htm. Amartya Sen. (2000). LSE. Retrieved Apr 1, 2009, from http://www. lse. ac. uk/resources/LSEHistory/sen. htm. Freedom as Progress. (2004, Sep). People in Economics. Retrieved Apr 1, 2009, from http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft /fandd/2004/09/pdf/people. pdf. Sin wins Nobel for Contribution to Welfare Economics. (1998, Oct 14). Rediff on the Net. Retrieved Apr 1, 2009, from http://www. rediff. com/business/1998/oct/14sen5. htm. Sen’s work is ‘devoted to the welfare of the poorest people in society. ’ (1998, Oct 14). Rediff on the Net. Retrieved Apr 1, 2009, from http://www. rediff. com/business/1998/oct/14sen2. htm.

A Farewell to Sexism and The Female Also Rises Essay

Ernest Hemingway has a reputation of being a complete misogynist. People have analyzed his books, specifically A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises, and attacked him for being sexist towards the main female roles, Catherine Barkley and Lady Brett Ashley. Other analysts argue that Catherine and Brett are strong female lead roles. Through these two characters, Hemingway disproves the misogynist and sexist analysts and presents readers with independent female roles. A characteristic of sexism towards women include showing their dependence, including the inability to think by themselves. In A Farewell to Arms, Frederic asks Catherine to kiss her and she replies no. If Catherine was so dependent and couldn’t think on her own, she wouldn’t have refused Frederic’s affection. Catherine also asks Frederic if he loves her and she calls him out for lying and goes on to say â€Å"You don’t have to pretend to love me† (Hemingway, 31). This shows that she thinks and is not blinded by her emotions and is able to realize that he is lying to her. In The Sun Also Rises, Lady Brett Ashley does whatever she wants. She is incredibly promiscuous and parties all the time with the guys. Most women during the World War I time sat home in the kitchen and took care of the kiddos rather than having a drink with the guys. Instead, after she hooked up with Romero and Cohn got jealous and beat him up, she scolded Cohn. Not many women would yell at a guy during the World War I period. This just further shows her independence and her ability to think by herself. Critics argue that Catherine is â€Å"merely a male fantasy† (Shmoop Editorial Team). They have good evidence in saying that and they argue that Catherine â€Å"gives up her own identity to get Frederic to love her. † They use her quote about religion, â€Å"You’re my religion. You’re all I’ve got† (Hemingway), and her quote about herself, â€Å"There isn’t any me. I’m you. Don’t make up a separate me† (Hemingway). But what those critics aren’t seeing is that Catherine is just a romantic woman. She is very lonely and desperately wants a deep, beautiful love after seeing all the deaths and wounded soldiers around her. Her wanting to be one with Frederic is completely justified. According to the Shmoop Editorial Team, critic Sandra Whipple Spanier says â€Å"that her willingness to love Frederic entirely is heroic because it saves her from going crazy with grief. When everything is exploding all around you, everything takes on more urgency. It’s normal that she feels so intensely for Frederic and that she thinks of unusual and even poetic ways to express this love. † It’s not Hemingway’s misogyny that is making him portray Catherine this way; it’s just the toll that the war has on her. More proof of independence in Catherine is that when she and Frederic are apart, she just keeps working and getting through the days without him. She does not need him to get through the day and that just proves her to be a strong, independent woman. Another thing that sets her apart from sexist characteristics is her complex thoughts on marriage. This complexity is shown through â€Å"her conflict between not following the social norms she doesn’t care about and conforming to such norms because doing so makes life easier† (Shmoop Editorial Team). She tells Frederic that her and her Fiance, that has died, were engaged for eight years because if they got married she thought he’d be trapped. When Frederic brings up getting married, she just plays it off like they’re already practically married and why fix something that’s not broken? She only begins to change her mind after her pregnancy. Hemingway also disproves the critics when he aligns the significance of rain during the war to Catherine. Even though rain can be seen as a symbol of spring and rebirth, Catherine sees it differently and associates it with death and gloom (Shmoop Editorial Team). When Frederic asks her why she is afraid of the rain she states that â€Å"It’s very hard on loving† (Hemingway), â€Å"I’m afraid of the rain because sometimes I see me dead in it† (Hemingway), and â€Å"And sometimes I see you dead in it† (Hemingway). According to Shmoop, the rain makes soldiers more prone to injury and they did research to find out why Catherine would say that rain is â€Å"hard on loving†. They found that her fiance died during the Battle of Somme, which was rainy so she associated the rain with death. By her thinking this way and being able to associate the rain with death and gloom, it proves that Hemingway made Catherine out to be a complex character. Hemingway also makes Catherine and Lady Brett Ashley strong and totally throws away the â€Å"females are weak and emotionally unstable† stereotype. First and foremost, Catherine is a World War I nurse at an overseas hospital. She takes care of soldiers that are, most of the time, fatally wounded. The reason she does this is because her fiance was killed in battle. Instead of crumbling after his death, she pulls through and does something that will benefit more people after a tragic event in her life. If Hemingway was so sexist, he would have made her kill herself like Shakespeare does to his weak female characters after tragedy strikes their lives. According to the Shmoop Editorial Team, Hemingway parallels the death of the soldiers during battle to Catherine’s death, stating that â€Å"Like the soldiers who stood brave in the face of battle, Catherine stood brave in the face of a battle with her own body. † Hemingway also showed some strength in Lady Brett Ashley from The Sun Also Rises, when she was not sickened by the bull fighting like â€Å"the typical woman†. In A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway provides readers with two strong, independent female characters that are incredibly admirable for women. By Hemingway showing Catherine’s strength and diverse way of thinking throughout World War I and Lady Brett Ashley’s ability to â€Å"be one of the guys† and speak out for herself, he challenges his critics and proves that he is not the misogynist that people claim him to be. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York: Scribner, 1957. Print. 16 Feb. 2014. Shmoop Editorial Team. â€Å"Catherine Barkley in A Farewell to Arms. † Shmoop. com. Shmoop University, Inc. , 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.